{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/730240",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/730240",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/730240",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "730240",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 110,
    "current_lane_count": 45,
    "active_market_count": 45,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1545500.3250932402,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1262106.256643008,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1735531.9092091632,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1684742.0764490787,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1958609.000451381,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.972867900201829,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -14.920912363686611,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.140830682138796,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 10440411.39781898,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 30924008.318841737,
    "historical_peak_year": 2012,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.8320372180630322,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "SWE",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 303703.5829297721,
    "top_market_share_pct": 19.65082620810511,
    "destination_hhi": 924.3334693704244,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 13.00127574692589,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 6.422769526096724,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2338717692007952,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 90.1083622698499,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 47.27272727272727,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 730240,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: fish-plates and sole plates",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7302,
      "substitution_elasticity": -16.94018,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: fish-plates and sole plates",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7302,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 730240,
        "corridor_rank": 32,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 146538.98744928965,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 150417.7147618241,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 231915.5416782466,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 264753.54099217436,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 318253.456095068,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -32.79785636494358,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -14.66173257158363,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.831147274016487,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 552786.045933083,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25865088.02409331,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.96670909092709,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -10.9201,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.1544,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5665512806791482,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3553584804803398,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.985518871945267,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 27,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1605.06,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0810450704762287,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.95868384754884,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 730240,
      "num_markets": 74,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1015500.0000000001,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MLI",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 85,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5325.358851674641,
      "price_spread_pct": 19067.541329739444,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 19.34175690607735,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 10835723
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4647329.495570601,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 935.8779769630574
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2145475.196839108,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.8342353628256
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 13348025.868800193,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 522.147759548356
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 6744468.943151349,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -49.47216158071781
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1926456.945551683,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -71.43649171210288
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1658003.133594726,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.935105717095556
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1687710.3740088649,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.791748146442308
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2587636.039285443,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.32228083299386
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2397756.734728956,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.337944814252953
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 2831273.3406504276,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.080091263740165
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1698888.9163282905,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.99558813569003
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1518225.738289614,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.634196050271097
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2073995.2389042699,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.606512891868675
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1870494.2320802119,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.812028639543618
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1262106.2566430084,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.52551999375073
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "730240",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: fish-plates and sole plates",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7302
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 730240,
      "corridor_rank": 32,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 146538.98744928965,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 150417.7147618241,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 231915.5416782466,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 264753.54099217436,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 318253.456095068,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -32.79785636494358,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -14.66173257158363,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.831147274016487,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 552786.045933083,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25865088.02409331,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.96670909092709,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -10.9201,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.1544,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5665512806791482,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3553584804803398,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 29.985518871945267,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 27,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1605.06,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0810450704762287,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.95868384754884,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 730240,
    "num_markets": 74,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1015500.0000000001,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MLI",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 85,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5325.358851674641,
    "price_spread_pct": 19067.541329739444,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 19.34175690607735,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 10835723
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4647329.495570601,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 935.8779769630574
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2145475.196839108,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.8342353628256
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 13348025.868800193,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 522.147759548356
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 6744468.943151349,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.47216158071781
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1926456.945551683,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -71.43649171210288
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1658003.133594726,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.935105717095556
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1687710.3740088649,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.791748146442308
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2587636.039285443,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.32228083299386
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2397756.734728956,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.337944814252953
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 2831273.3406504276,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.080091263740165
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1698888.9163282905,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.99558813569003
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1518225.738289614,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.634196050271097
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2073995.2389042699,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.606512891868675
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1870494.2320802119,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.812028639543618
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1262106.2566430084,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.52551999375073
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}