{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/722830",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/722830",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/722830",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "722830",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 123,
    "current_lane_count": 78,
    "active_market_count": 78,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 221428780.0029549,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 218657174.4904599,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 241377127.45222905,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 200862276.29092628,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 184051743.77670348,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.599492166524293,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.6013293072005865,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9284636043903394,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 173578238.14102215,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 454989721.6548568,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.671028562133953,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 70527624.91147529,
    "top_market_share_pct": 31.851155441733507,
    "destination_hhi": 1932.931690474009,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.643120805475759,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.2527331777271944,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.6315438079134876,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 74.90833602214279,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 26.829268292682926,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 722830,
      "hs_description": "Steel, alloy: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded",
      "hs_chapter": 72,
      "hs_heading": 7228,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.5744495,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Steel, alloy: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7228,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 722830,
        "corridor_rank": 15,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 70527624.91147529,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 48103485.27200023,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 80010874.08296233,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 68031545.20388758,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 58245891.58058182,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.048625522670913,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.32162633310176,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.492608323507197,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 106176809.92543106,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 583545737.6090423,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.5560171991637164,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -28.6193,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.8261,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 12.086049193067128,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7196498203824522,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 22.03109521927416,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 49,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 977.35,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5277456694561404,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 74.49379501538107,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 722830,
        "corridor_rank": 21,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 62027821.67539454,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 40564798.491170906,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 58650479.64891738,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 47531920.05769205,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 45431853.53086792,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.11333903552848,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.126459072623106,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9975857695268431,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 86432852.60923758,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 267008332.6658767,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 23.115753266001636,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.0705,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.2541,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 23.2306688919007,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.2527646565360406,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.02197404868645,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 42,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1915.96,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5093478107877858,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 66.14203667691292,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 722830,
      "num_markets": 87,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 655244.8979591837,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MAR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 384.3481371475648,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1665.2333028362307,
      "price_spread_pct": 39325.453599004744,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2341.258283950617,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 953594482
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 167303803.77294815,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.380219231315785
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 285340394.46785724,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 70.55224569496296
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 214946542.89896432,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.670131861341694
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 201865606.4704073,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.085669605165832
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 199354989.50881314,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2437071403553883
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 160987418.459455,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.24585441472583
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 131342335.80037653,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.414533845416404
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 155674903.1037193,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.52606560943543
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 221700414.28744942,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.412431205908796
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 166500984.66140315,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.89820770225378
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 109461592.50826803,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.25769058911609
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 170718406.58967605,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 55.961924797303745
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 251252718.21193442,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.17377184513188
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 254221489.654293,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1815877907654684
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 218657174.49045986,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.989499948330813
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "722830",
    "hs_description": "Steel, alloy: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7228
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 722830,
      "corridor_rank": 15,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 70527624.91147529,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 48103485.27200023,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 80010874.08296233,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 68031545.20388758,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 58245891.58058182,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.048625522670913,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.32162633310176,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.492608323507197,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 106176809.92543106,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 583545737.6090423,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.5560171991637164,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -28.6193,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.8261,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 12.086049193067128,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7196498203824522,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 22.03109521927416,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 49,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 977.35,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5277456694561404,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 74.49379501538107,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 722830,
      "corridor_rank": 21,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 62027821.67539454,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 40564798.491170906,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 58650479.64891738,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 47531920.05769205,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 45431853.53086792,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.11333903552848,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.126459072623106,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9975857695268431,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 86432852.60923758,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 267008332.6658767,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 23.115753266001636,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.0705,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.2541,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 23.2306688919007,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.2527646565360406,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 33.02197404868645,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 42,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1915.96,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5093478107877858,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 66.14203667691292,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 722830,
    "num_markets": 87,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 655244.8979591837,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MAR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 384.3481371475648,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1665.2333028362307,
    "price_spread_pct": 39325.453599004744,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2341.258283950617,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 953594482
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 167303803.77294815,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.380219231315785
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 285340394.46785724,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 70.55224569496296
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 214946542.89896432,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.670131861341694
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 201865606.4704073,
      "active_destinations": 67,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.085669605165832
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 199354989.50881314,
      "active_destinations": 66,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2437071403553883
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 160987418.459455,
      "active_destinations": 67,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.24585441472583
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 131342335.80037653,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.414533845416404
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 155674903.1037193,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.52606560943543
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 221700414.28744942,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.412431205908796
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 166500984.66140315,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.89820770225378
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 109461592.50826803,
      "active_destinations": 67,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.25769058911609
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 170718406.58967605,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 55.961924797303745
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 251252718.21193442,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.17377184513188
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 254221489.654293,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1815877907654684
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 218657174.49045986,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.989499948330813
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}