{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/721912",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/721912",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/721912",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "721912",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 102,
    "current_lane_count": 23,
    "active_market_count": 23,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 18276558.19817924,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 12771957.256076435,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 25193155.983495694,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 58335539.62690757,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 83036050.50345002,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -52.63791763519461,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -35.69989990947927,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -19.05778966976698,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 98178113.95628159,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 447804308.4243207,
    "historical_peak_year": 1995,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -33.580127965427636,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 8423092.367811898,
    "top_market_share_pct": 46.086863163607184,
    "destination_hhi": 2497.6533044162975,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 11.680441441948393,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.3018377488577084,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0670911361923918,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 91.08070682726704,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 35.294117647058826,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 91.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 721912,
      "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, in coils, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm",
      "hs_chapter": 72,
      "hs_heading": 7219,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.913193,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, in coils, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7219,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 721912,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8423092.367811898,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18834674.580578025,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11153051.691639027,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 40559009.95068356,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 27201645.043798886,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -56.13073097297975,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.937668019552724,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.18161799865454853,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 99767793.91920187,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 389338696.5994052,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -56.31234897163429,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.7866,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.7077,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.1634357029962805,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.8873312326180112,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 15.69923434604586,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 28,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1173.4,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1020386154556614,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 91.55730317678123,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 721912,
        "corridor_rank": 94,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MYS",
        "latest_data_year": 2023,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2492822.0759902573,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 20919408.841022167,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6644804.588104474,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20605185.901848976,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 44332918.070308745,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -38.56785274052085,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -52.642833161333115,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -19.04980495813955,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 104655659.49592133,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 86101468.80832508,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.5180477823813,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -36.148,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 20.3875,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.8486508198259681,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.4124487352749195,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 87.67041201870178,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 13,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7756.1,
        "distance_km": 11084.6552734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1339099772020202,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2978539025374816,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.61807236417309,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 721912,
      "num_markets": 46,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LUX",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 75640,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 671.2311867752283,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2831.271942128036,
      "price_spread_pct": 2647.8830132041953,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1078.9892589928056,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 356192052
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 43884132.16888754,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6218024679296036
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 66391094.3707997,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.2872445905832
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 72783303.09796362,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.62811170345063
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 56312417.8288604,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.63003266962756
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 105805162.6693434,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 87.889575245902
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 105057785.73061791,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7063709556982097
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 83041100.81953168,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.956738006586136
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 98244780.45996882,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.308620057287538
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 136140990.43225086,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.57325528629316
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 116198149.4575932,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.648667466968371
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 95881450.45861912,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.48452887917007
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 120216779.72543167,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.380643649435907
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 33021494.893876962,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -72.53170899329014
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 29786015.80053368,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.798100006499782
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 12771957.256076435,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.120961253745115
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "721912",
    "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, in coils, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7219
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 721912,
      "corridor_rank": 52,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8423092.367811898,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18834674.580578025,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11153051.691639027,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 40559009.95068356,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 27201645.043798886,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -56.13073097297975,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.937668019552724,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.18161799865454853,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 99767793.91920187,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 389338696.5994052,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -56.31234897163429,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.7866,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.7077,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.1634357029962805,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.8873312326180112,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 15.69923434604586,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 28,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1173.4,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1020386154556614,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 91.55730317678123,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 721912,
      "corridor_rank": 94,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "latest_data_year": 2023,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2492822.0759902573,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 20919408.841022167,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6644804.588104474,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20605185.901848976,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 44332918.070308745,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -38.56785274052085,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -52.642833161333115,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -19.04980495813955,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 104655659.49592133,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 86101468.80832508,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.5180477823813,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -36.148,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 20.3875,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.8486508198259681,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.4124487352749195,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 87.67041201870178,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 13,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 7756.1,
      "distance_km": 11084.6552734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2978539025374816,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.61807236417309,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 721912,
    "num_markets": 46,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LUX",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 75640,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "VNM",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 671.2311867752283,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2831.271942128036,
    "price_spread_pct": 2647.8830132041953,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1078.9892589928056,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 356192052
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 43884132.16888754,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6218024679296036
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 66391094.3707997,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.2872445905832
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 72783303.09796362,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.62811170345063
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 56312417.8288604,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.63003266962756
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 105805162.6693434,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 87.889575245902
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 105057785.73061791,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7063709556982097
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 83041100.81953168,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.956738006586136
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 98244780.45996882,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.308620057287538
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 136140990.43225086,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.57325528629316
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 116198149.4575932,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.648667466968371
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 95881450.45861912,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.48452887917007
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 120216779.72543167,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.380643649435907
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 33021494.893876962,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -72.53170899329014
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 29786015.80053368,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.798100006499782
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 12771957.256076435,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -57.120961253745115
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}