{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/721810",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/721810",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/721810",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "721810",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 83,
    "current_lane_count": 30,
    "active_market_count": 30,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 6153015.846402409,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 5471870.5496484935,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6582504.420062896,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6640175.107840015,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6545855.918531625,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.837878998383196,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -12.814423745981163,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.3418748902148003,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 7718029.230902386,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 37202267.24041068,
    "historical_peak_year": 2005,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.496004108168395,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3014325.4281450645,
    "top_market_share_pct": 48.98939809991718,
    "destination_hhi": 2727.9247341886476,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 22.23550730678039,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -4.7350166462963905,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2229877620308445,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 94.60183192176363,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 60.24096385542169,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 85,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 721810,
      "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: ingots and other primary forms",
      "hs_chapter": 72,
      "hs_heading": 7218,
      "substitution_elasticity": -63.689705,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: ingots and other primary forms",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7218,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 721810,
        "corridor_rank": 60,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 699209.4116952836,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 503550.56929374806,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 337380.92251659936,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 413217.44827527023,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1172029.3021481654,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 305.28857126768355,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -33.11915965354264,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.014170409537478,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5225148.755718722,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 98853377.89919508,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.148148148148145,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 286.27440085814607,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 88.4787,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.9164,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7073196956489405,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.25073501731085535,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 69.11185920765202,
        "peer_top_exporter": "AUT",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5068.05,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 2.2144039589107,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.79899098529545,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 721810,
        "corridor_rank": 67,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "AUT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 8,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 560644.760506775,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3388246.1361197657,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 752216.1846917467,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 841738.5613717444,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 678842.2874913432,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.36907988146823,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 83.08018010334924,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -27.965932918833445,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14904191.024015566,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13779867.142510528,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 71.42857142857143,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.596853037365214,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -31.7484,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 49.991,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.068578852819274,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.3309726478698067,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.471349952680015,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4201.64,
        "distance_km": 1811.998779296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.049626967501010096,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.049626967501010096,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5165826605920618,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8171172663728,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 721810,
        "corridor_rank": 76,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BEL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 19,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 439907.29615733324,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 136063.2129956349,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 321075.71470386075,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 241823.40370056787,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 228917.01090003122,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 60.364866858285524,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 53.57189300861553,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.885499458587161,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 792391.1515209007,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 36240754.01496144,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 55.47936739969836,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1.3114,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 72.4308,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 60,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.2138469745296254,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.24518567195883412,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 88.13190555705485,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7815.81,
        "distance_km": 1316.64013671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.59485360531968,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98082748286568,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 721810,
        "corridor_rank": 91,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 311329.24150150793,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 467620.17689462105,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 485709.5549768785,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 506914.47630503494,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 753115.9729623466,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -25.22586176240782,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -8.452809112377258,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -12.941652704034167,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2791273.46372484,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11897838.062456947,
        "historical_peak_year": 2015,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.284209058373653,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.2113,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 143.0111,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.6166875012687583,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.1634863368740458,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.056028274512805,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3495.34,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.263200022766908,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.99048649192055,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 721810,
      "num_markets": 47,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1018528.2112845138,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 9.910802775024777,
      "median_price_across_markets": 7495.395308427455,
      "price_spread_pct": 13588.586839930465,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 52.96284166666668,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 30838761
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 775821.7384537624,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.374125057061057
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2147730.892159499,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 176.83303853279438
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2164721.148268702,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7910793745728262
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4512815.595438141,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 108.4709893949803
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6263357.995560695,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.79047045246255
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5451551.607173228,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.961200508782266
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2701621.4121456966,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.44307370050638
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 4727379.171625016,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 74.98303612682767
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 8515061.31907031,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 80.1222413082489
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 10862070.136101907,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.56302895641213
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 6686026.71057079,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.44610993305354
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 6767335.568440597,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.2161013018577265
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 6706817.462871521,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.8942678393443556
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 7568825.247668676,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.852709792225165
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 5471870.5496484935,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.705154094634167
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "721810",
    "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: ingots and other primary forms",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7218
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 721810,
      "corridor_rank": 60,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 699209.4116952836,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 503550.56929374806,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 337380.92251659936,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 413217.44827527023,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1172029.3021481654,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 305.28857126768355,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -33.11915965354264,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.014170409537478,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5225148.755718722,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 98853377.89919508,
      "historical_peak_year": 2019,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.148148148148145,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 286.27440085814607,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 88.4787,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.9164,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7073196956489405,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.25073501731085535,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 69.11185920765202,
      "peer_top_exporter": "AUT",
      "supplier_count_latest": 25,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5068.05,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 2.2144039589107,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.79899098529545,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 721810,
      "corridor_rank": 67,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "AUT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 8,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 560644.760506775,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3388246.1361197657,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 752216.1846917467,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 841738.5613717444,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 678842.2874913432,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.36907988146823,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 83.08018010334924,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -27.965932918833445,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14904191.024015566,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13779867.142510528,
      "historical_peak_year": 2005,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 71.42857142857143,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.596853037365214,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -31.7484,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 49.991,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.068578852819274,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.3309726478698067,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 56.471349952680015,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 14,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4201.64,
      "distance_km": 1811.998779296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.049626967501010096,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.049626967501010096,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5165826605920618,
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