{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/720229",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/720229",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/720229",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "720229",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 66,
    "current_lane_count": 18,
    "active_market_count": 18,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 3423929.9259863636,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 2115681.7686313707,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2733748.6004750687,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2196032.755696127,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2038587.5232764457,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.562209593132703,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.849221507525916,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.3870738804574003,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 2639315.4958926453,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 9909323.965953194,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.175135712675303,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "BRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 671932.1075384968,
    "top_market_share_pct": 19.62458701151505,
    "destination_hhi": 1057.741685312092,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 11.10128266106728,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 5.593565851723573,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2403465870446264,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.756465764811,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 60.60606060606061,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 79,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 720229,
      "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-silicon, containing by weight 55% or less of silicon",
      "hs_chapter": 72,
      "hs_heading": 7202,
      "substitution_elasticity": -17.072906,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-silicon, containing by weight 55% or less of silicon",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7202,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 720229,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 11,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 671932.1075384968,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 211262.57328589514,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 553482.8290422726,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 459891.4862370271,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 257628.89269640777,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.034448645056111,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 174.15933445983018,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 64.36928315381067,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 671932.1075384968,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12064795.641861727,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 70,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -59.33483450875456,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.483,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 94.294,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.569361698983659,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.1700260301108467,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.786519341603785,
        "peer_top_exporter": "PRY",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2656.17,
        "distance_km": 8389.7802734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.2883659997252525,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2689858942644894,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 82.21989475181635,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 720229,
        "corridor_rank": 75,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 664267.4690041505,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 167056.04023232558,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 640248.6752158027,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 395245.40827723744,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 314458.9888201611,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 141.6543185841197,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 185.65593315192893,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 36.622953197518825,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1217013.7443217798,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17637042.586659994,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 105.03136538660087,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -39.7309,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.4351,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.766320037728875,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.39244820003787995,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.51682242226673,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DNK",
        "supplier_count_latest": 27,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1707.82,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.7872913681997167,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.89449020582165,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 720229,
      "num_markets": 34,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GNQ",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 124785.71428571429,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 375.6033920417482,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2322.163525033017,
      "price_spread_pct": 5357.508614381653,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 62.205469387755095,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 14237599
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2056745.924344926,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 139.3024522864302
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2927502.599369213,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.33661847666592
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2891654.5269605825,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2245274322336954
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1245878.9042663649,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -56.914669693412236
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2035506.0110931722,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 63.37912168853833
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1587357.531501445,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.01656380032247
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1548567.028625522,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.4437155528050383
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2657484.601660791,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 71.60927183239349
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2162311.4119563918,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.633153674528966
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1449990.880539673,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.942550618656426
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1408027.2706051208,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.894060266015856
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1370890.7064503087,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.6374889840629394
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2966227.8207001123,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 116.37230500895737
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3119336.212093723,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.16172056391383
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 2115681.7686313703,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.17525701689886
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "720229",
    "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-silicon, containing by weight 55% or less of silicon",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7202
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 720229,
      "corridor_rank": 73,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "BRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 11,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 671932.1075384968,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 211262.57328589514,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 553482.8290422726,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 459891.4862370271,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 257628.89269640777,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.034448645056111,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 174.15933445983018,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 64.36928315381067,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 671932.1075384968,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12064795.641861727,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 70,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -59.33483450875456,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.483,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 94.294,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.569361698983659,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.1700260301108467,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 44.786519341603785,
      "peer_top_exporter": "PRY",
      "supplier_count_latest": 16,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2656.17,
      "distance_km": 8389.7802734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2689858942644894,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 82.21989475181635,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 720229,
      "corridor_rank": 75,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 23,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 664267.4690041505,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 167056.04023232558,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 640248.6752158027,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 395245.40827723744,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 314458.9888201611,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 141.6543185841197,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 185.65593315192893,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 36.622953197518825,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1217013.7443217798,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17637042.586659994,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 105.03136538660087,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -39.7309,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.4351,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.766320037728875,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.39244820003787995,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.51682242226673,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DNK",
      "supplier_count_latest": 27,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1707.82,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.7872913681997167,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.89449020582165,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 720229,
    "num_markets": 34,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GNQ",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 124785.71428571429,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "FRA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 375.6033920417482,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2322.163525033017,
    "price_spread_pct": 5357.508614381653,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 62.205469387755095,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 14237599
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2056745.924344926,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 139.3024522864302
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2927502.599369213,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.33661847666592
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 2891654.5269605825,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2245274322336954
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1245878.9042663649,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -56.914669693412236
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2035506.0110931722,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 63.37912168853833
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1587357.531501445,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.01656380032247
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1548567.028625522,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.4437155528050383
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2657484.601660791,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 71.60927183239349
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2162311.4119563918,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.633153674528966
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1449990.880539673,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.942550618656426
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1408027.2706051208,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.894060266015856
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1370890.7064503087,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.6374889840629394
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2966227.8207001123,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 116.37230500895737
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3119336.212093723,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.16172056391383
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 2115681.7686313703,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.17525701689886
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}