{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/720221",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/720221",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/720221",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "720221",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 74,
    "current_lane_count": 23,
    "active_market_count": 23,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 20685301.16451221,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 16239828.743099963,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 25582305.37743788,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 30895638.913303137,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 33867591.27650475,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -35.16974924483587,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -12.91165257749035,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -10.860576729340309,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 34288959.140445486,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 139911228.65765172,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.30917251549556,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 7189912.692660264,
    "top_market_share_pct": 34.75855940156824,
    "destination_hhi": 2242.379583725897,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 34.420449645516925,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 6.972733674050762,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.820770309397862,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 74.98092596261463,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 48.648648648648646,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 91.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 720221,
      "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-silicon, containing by weight more than 55% of silicon",
      "hs_chapter": 72,
      "hs_heading": 7202,
      "substitution_elasticity": -19.914381,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-silicon, containing by weight more than 55% of silicon",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7202,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 720221,
        "corridor_rank": 94,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6163405.433599473,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7859663.264421863,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12375485.83024068,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14731135.165417712,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14899698.664295426,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -42.23544864542896,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -18.79375154035341,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.272624676509787,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 32075511.453112647,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 223091253.8608037,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.84615384615385,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -34.962823968919174,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.8811,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.3209,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.7627284023626886,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.8251502899510976,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.6171656984766,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ISL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 45,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1121.15,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2048424974627847,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.74448521309517,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 720221,
      "num_markets": 46,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 259983.99999999997,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 174.63333333333333,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1950.0316726906883,
      "price_spread_pct": 13323.340861852621,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 653.4680468750001,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 158526765
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 38186482.81956726,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 277.28231978382894
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 55858001.097400844,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.27689426473825
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 32445603.217517145,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.91413480596805
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 28268320.42177335,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.874726870507091
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 51272352.71575144,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 81.37742869314405
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 27405801.86050329,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.54857752980795
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 24211113.941433296,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.656976633382572
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 30129537.090992007,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.445067516824636
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 70033640.05232857,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 132.44180566340967
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 32417625.253274564,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.711351817423214
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 18130992.830693293,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.07057059535276
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 59600285.60350875,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 228.7204741629681
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 46325228.38733949,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.273479198542194
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 14181859.001874186,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -69.38631606239413
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 16239828.743099965,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.511283330019081
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "720221",
    "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-silicon, containing by weight more than 55% of silicon",
    "hs_chapter": 72,
    "hs_heading": 7202
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 720221,
      "corridor_rank": 94,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6163405.433599473,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7859663.264421863,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12375485.83024068,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14731135.165417712,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14899698.664295426,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -42.23544864542896,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -18.79375154035341,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.272624676509787,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 32075511.453112647,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 223091253.8608037,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.84615384615385,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -34.962823968919174,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.8811,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.3209,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.7627284023626886,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.8251502899510976,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.6171656984766,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ISL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 45,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1121.15,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2048424974627847,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.74448521309517,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 720221,
    "num_markets": 46,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 259983.99999999997,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 174.63333333333333,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1950.0316726906883,
    "price_spread_pct": 13323.340861852621,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 653.4680468750001,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 158526765
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 38186482.81956726,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 277.28231978382894
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 55858001.097400844,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.27689426473825
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 32445603.217517145,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.91413480596805
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 28268320.42177335,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.874726870507091
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 51272352.71575144,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 81.37742869314405
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 27405801.86050329,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.54857752980795
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 24211113.941433296,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.656976633382572
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 30129537.090992007,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.445067516824636
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 70033640.05232857,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 132.44180566340967
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 32417625.253274564,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.711351817423214
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 18130992.830693293,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.07057059535276
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 59600285.60350875,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 228.7204741629681
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 46325228.38733949,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.273479198542194
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 14181859.001874186,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -69.38631606239413
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 16239828.743099965,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.511283330019081
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}