{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/640291",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/640291",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/640291",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "640291",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 165,
    "current_lane_count": 134,
    "active_market_count": 134,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 98058270.34370321,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 97892004.30561057,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 116219753.5877734,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 117312966.73408785,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 99980728.90936199,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.282442736221284,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.6731823704469795,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.1469071148722865,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 53528491.37936768,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 177570251.40427494,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.429349851093571,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 26305482.173847586,
    "top_market_share_pct": 26.82637790942514,
    "destination_hhi": 1236.191721312218,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 16.875937204787714,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5987321228738501,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0114380636374447,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 80.40439932976119,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 14.545454545454545,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 640291,
      "hs_description": "Footwear: n.e.s. in heading no. 6402, covering the ankle, with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics",
      "hs_chapter": 64,
      "hs_heading": 6402,
      "substitution_elasticity": -1.4414284,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Footwear: n.e.s. in heading no. 6402, covering the ankle, with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics",
    "hs_chapter": 64,
    "hs_heading": 6402,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 640291,
        "corridor_rank": 31,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 26305482.173847586,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7515819.530272144,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24127568.640949335,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20666513.07721553,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16743355.621163655,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.726538110517696,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.382583583210181,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.331282246406003,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 26305482.173847586,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 173747032.8461959,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.395255864111693,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.8433,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.6367,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 15.140104405197926,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.4024877488929253,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.88474290927679,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 64,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1356.45,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0508344552378182,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 91.23857551201432,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 640291,
        "corridor_rank": 61,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "POL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 13355585.656845888,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4361990.458764208,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13538669.461778454,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13220191.323460948,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9324038.272724053,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.4788759567007195,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.4763090623637,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.833395023348526,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 13722078.92749031,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 255265159.24203148,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 66.66666666666667,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.312270980049245,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.0204,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.5013,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.23204408173177,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.19466742693079286,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 36.23062996347465,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 70,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1775.18,
        "distance_km": 2293.0048828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08183472355387879,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04607734616949498,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1139678008282372,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.06063153111828,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 640291,
        "corridor_rank": 62,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 13323243.031814711,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7469806.142364337,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13364327.358763302,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 12124815.093683299,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11888071.250543337,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.742900382835271,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.2349294235093353,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.3316278745924781,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 17561070.781284787,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24042188.761650253,
        "historical_peak_year": 2013,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.07452825742775,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.293,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.9606,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 55.416098608570294,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.1044533552017697,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.416098608570294,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 60,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3513.11,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7925766491551651,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 45.754807837998094,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 640291,
        "corridor_rank": 93,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8231733.705515134,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7662730.425051398,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 21042204.039596934,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 23094036.840705805,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15880583.986227864,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -32.60070776149932,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.5584591055086472,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.460775973287623,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28432712.13484491,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 205363511.3597731,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -28.139931788211697,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.4267,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.36,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.008372106130427,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -8.435608047510698,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 48.968401879737144,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 102,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2736.52,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1039826133999469,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 71.04836968603159,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 640291,
      "num_markets": 159,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BIH",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3455750,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NGA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 109.44625407166124,
      "median_price_across_markets": 29162.162162162163,
      "price_spread_pct": 11849.740545746,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 34.47519758672701,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 527576288
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 62158015.21563072,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.79231663614211
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 69230411.10711198,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.378091573462564
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 53500723.44259244,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.72077749210944
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 78923117.09273155,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.51785025377824
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 87341600.66324306,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.666689153470863
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 79724140.86983278,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.721456597504302
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 81023484.377398,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.6297993222488025
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 79651575.3354737,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.6932239491628187
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 82745258.13823077,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.8840196063005727
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 90097996.70224512,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.885993867746677
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 111026562.7036235,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.22866963462338
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 126879010.20349556,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.278067440661829
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 129229221.42530304,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.8523246816302252
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 121538035.0324066,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.951584562739238
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 97892004.30561063,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.455663176133342
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "640291",
    "hs_description": "Footwear: n.e.s. in heading no. 6402, covering the ankle, with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics",
    "hs_chapter": 64,
    "hs_heading": 6402
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 640291,
      "corridor_rank": 31,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 26305482.173847586,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7515819.530272144,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24127568.640949335,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20666513.07721553,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16743355.621163655,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.726538110517696,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.382583583210181,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.331282246406003,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 26305482.173847586,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 173747032.8461959,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.395255864111693,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.8433,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.6367,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 15.140104405197926,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.4024877488929253,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 28.88474290927679,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 64,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1356.45,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0508344552378182,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 91.23857551201432,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 640291,
      "corridor_rank": 61,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 13355585.656845888,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4361990.458764208,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13538669.461778454,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13220191.323460948,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9324038.272724053,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.4788759567007195,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.4763090623637,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.833395023348526,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 13722078.92749031,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 255265159.24203148,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 66.66666666666667,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.312270980049245,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.0204,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.5013,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.23204408173177,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.19466742693079286,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 36.23062996347465,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 70,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1775.18,
      "distance_km": 2293.0048828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08183472355387879,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04607734616949498,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1139678008282372,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.06063153111828,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
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