{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/491199",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/491199",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/491199",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "491199",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 188,
    "current_lane_count": 153,
    "active_market_count": 153,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 36886547.81762208,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 36714603.5356084,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 46123803.651885636,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 37560970.803281054,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 32239402.729547553,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.77393800067863,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.249796737605507,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.6516858672642325,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 27989675.237274174,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 162566480.55068007,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.122252133414397,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 6143113.987867369,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.65407676055978,
    "destination_hhi": 876.6329569021865,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 19.840987902025827,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7501179080377327,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1862870021493959,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.47778796390256,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 7.9787234042553195,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 491199,
      "hs_description": "Printed matter: n.e.c. in heading no. 4911",
      "hs_chapter": 49,
      "hs_heading": 4911,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.8508682,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Printed matter: n.e.c. in heading no. 4911",
    "hs_chapter": 49,
    "hs_heading": 4911,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 491199,
      "num_markets": 172,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "JOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2263800,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SDN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 53.719008264462815,
      "median_price_across_markets": 15045.276956343085,
      "price_spread_pct": 15046.225387279033,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 14.221117891816927,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 165045188
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 22884987.758930486,
        "active_destinations": 145,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.691838864175342
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 23490331.06102213,
        "active_destinations": 151,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.64515458110926
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 22083667.29283828,
        "active_destinations": 151,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.988267106707358
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 48278259.36014662,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 118.61522690030397
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 23301106.970339935,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -51.73581798689527
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 20719989.29047778,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.077232009396251
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 21419853.90449175,
        "active_destinations": 157,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.3777267169515603
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 37955284.663908765,
        "active_destinations": 156,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 77.19674855461798
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 29793679.04534026,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.503212769549535
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 24700366.374851715,
        "active_destinations": 153,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.095279380359504
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 23835055.808235552,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.503229682848611
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 25598387.252512813,
        "active_destinations": 153,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.398058802396382
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 63554234.47485443,
        "active_destinations": 148,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 148.27436919337862
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 38102572.945194095,
        "active_destinations": 150,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -40.04715301815243
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 36714603.53560841,
        "active_destinations": 153,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.642718331862022
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "491199",
    "hs_description": "Printed matter: n.e.c. in heading no. 4911",
    "hs_chapter": 49,
    "hs_heading": 4911
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 491199,
    "num_markets": 172,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "JOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2263800,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SDN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 53.719008264462815,
    "median_price_across_markets": 15045.276956343085,
    "price_spread_pct": 15046.225387279033,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 14.221117891816927,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 165045188
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 22884987.758930486,
      "active_destinations": 145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.691838864175342
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 23490331.06102213,
      "active_destinations": 151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.64515458110926
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 22083667.29283828,
      "active_destinations": 151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.988267106707358
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 48278259.36014662,
      "active_destinations": 152,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 118.61522690030397
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 23301106.970339935,
      "active_destinations": 154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -51.73581798689527
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 20719989.29047778,
      "active_destinations": 154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.077232009396251
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 21419853.90449175,
      "active_destinations": 157,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.3777267169515603
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 37955284.663908765,
      "active_destinations": 156,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 77.19674855461798
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 29793679.04534026,
      "active_destinations": 154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.503212769549535
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 24700366.374851715,
      "active_destinations": 153,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.095279380359504
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 23835055.808235552,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.503229682848611
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 25598387.252512813,
      "active_destinations": 153,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.398058802396382
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 63554234.47485443,
      "active_destinations": 148,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 148.27436919337862
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 38102572.945194095,
      "active_destinations": 150,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -40.04715301815243
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 36714603.53560841,
      "active_destinations": 153,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.642718331862022
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}