{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/482190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/482190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/482190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "482190",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 180,
    "current_lane_count": 130,
    "active_market_count": 130,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 27912891.019328266,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 27739580.064987533,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 31513952.799668383,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 31632470.952813506,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 30602069.98690009,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.395194365982338,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.1251917252793517,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.2013806300707697,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 23284375.69496829,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 62368624.05397425,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.193813735911569,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "MAR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4753929.618616147,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.03130505301042,
    "destination_hhi": 804.2168134076888,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 21.92843857893191,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.9546245894525622,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7204104918036568,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 70.14069209072346,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 15,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 482190,
      "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: labels of all kinds, unprinted",
      "hs_chapter": 48,
      "hs_heading": 4821,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: labels of all kinds, unprinted",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4821,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 482190,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3218624.562084021,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4302867.73074686,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5200546.6540931,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5043782.6324712485,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4933803.417966676,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.268588709029883,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -6.126344241768333,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.142370991862233,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7697778.303492081,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 49285821.42604178,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.12621771716765,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1.454,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.0549,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.530528393270027,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.113947145445305,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 17.533825109246624,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 103,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1090.14,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.40845205705045523,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 58.187616800760566,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 482190,
        "corridor_rank": 81,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2976796.55051833,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 978986.1225304828,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2741216.1809740067,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2451389.8646965087,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2235353.1055112733,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.344081597021896,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.182909041152285,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.439762508934878,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2986610.4935282464,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 231140430.31656092,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.904319088087018,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 15.5028,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.4232,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.287873586824004,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1584115843389582,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.860675396497424,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
        "supplier_count_latest": 93,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1897.7,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.012880457615417,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 62.152692077477745,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 482190,
      "num_markets": 158,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1145000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ROU",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 164.00299138296845,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10666.666666666666,
      "price_spread_pct": 10732.837471955785,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 36.311151879699246,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 153142914
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 26859985.843429722,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.49816504691959
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 25655258.837982364,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.485210872670838
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 29449545.135309577,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.789506982910689
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 29424793.460552577,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.08404773195400957
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 31303372.198949784,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.384339590745691
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 27540858.121243894,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.019516791331897
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 27706180.555994168,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6002806231471446
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 30350228.90614875,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.543171585166576
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 31376244.29497422,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.3805853392348055
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 30884833.226572387,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.566188304062081
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 29798016.666522875,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.5189329081901826
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 33822479.698539525,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.505808379985258
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 35631362.42618273,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.3481670881786805
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 31170915.907834854,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.518315929087912
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 27739580.064987548,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.008132879357694
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "482190",
    "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: labels of all kinds, unprinted",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4821
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 482190,
      "corridor_rank": 73,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3218624.562084021,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4302867.73074686,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5200546.6540931,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5043782.6324712485,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4933803.417966676,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.268588709029883,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -6.126344241768333,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.142370991862233,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7697778.303492081,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 49285821.42604178,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.12621771716765,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1.454,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.0549,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.530528393270027,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.113947145445305,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 17.533825109246624,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 103,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1090.14,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.40845205705045523,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 58.187616800760566,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 482190,
      "corridor_rank": 81,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2976796.55051833,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 978986.1225304828,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2741216.1809740067,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2451389.8646965087,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2235353.1055112733,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.344081597021896,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.182909041152285,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.439762508934878,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2986610.4935282464,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 231140430.31656092,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.904319088087018,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 15.5028,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.4232,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.287873586824004,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1584115843389582,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 31.860675396497424,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
      "supplier_count_latest": 93,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1897.7,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.012880457615417,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 62.152692077477745,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 482190,
    "num_markets": 158,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1145000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ROU",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 164.00299138296845,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10666.666666666666,
    "price_spread_pct": 10732.837471955785,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 36.311151879699246,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 153142914
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 26859985.843429722,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.49816504691959
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 25655258.837982364,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.485210872670838
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 29449545.135309577,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.789506982910689
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 29424793.460552577,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.08404773195400957
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 31303372.198949784,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.384339590745691
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 27540858.121243894,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.019516791331897
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 27706180.555994168,
      "active_destinations": 143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6002806231471446
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 30350228.90614875,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.543171585166576
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 31376244.29497422,
      "active_destinations": 143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.3805853392348055
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 30884833.226572387,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.566188304062081
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 29798016.666522875,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.5189329081901826
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 33822479.698539525,
      "active_destinations": 140,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.505808379985258
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 35631362.42618273,
      "active_destinations": 140,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.3481670881786805
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 31170915.907834854,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.518315929087912
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 27739580.064987548,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.008132879357694
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}