{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/481890",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/481890",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/481890",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "481890",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 171,
    "current_lane_count": 127,
    "active_market_count": 127,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 46263106.695918895,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 46222843.68488246,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 49680468.77491663,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 51047568.36427772,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 42140411.80072495,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.7691288430095922,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.244510081534215,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.1435899519358195,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 28075718.42044203,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 88522400.36464085,
    "historical_peak_year": 2020,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.9127187949454116,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 16900023.333299227,
    "top_market_share_pct": 36.53023875889006,
    "destination_hhi": 2134.152064618563,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 30.638048822129193,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7477054801110816,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8100393474141699,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 76.01709309309896,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 18.128654970760234,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 481890,
      "hs_description": "Paper articles: articles of paper, cellulose wadding or fibres, n.e.c. in heading no. 4818",
      "hs_chapter": 48,
      "hs_heading": 4818,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.8898592,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Paper articles: articles of paper, cellulose wadding or fibres, n.e.c. in heading no. 4818",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4818,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 481890,
        "corridor_rank": 18,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16900023.333299227,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9908964.472405175,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19566806.52397667,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20116091.869879264,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16126854.767698849,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.5266541969975695,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.448712215471165,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.5614770279120829,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27586543.673568923,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 81388888.73244259,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.9651771690854867,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -14.0489,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.6035,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 20.76453382826773,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.8347244202254203,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.2129231175133,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 78,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1475.46,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8067027433625096,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 70.58924432920341,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 481890,
        "corridor_rank": 31,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12320360.233899947,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7126971.809995523,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12113056.5390533,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11396737.478800917,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9360458.195113802,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.787891466150063,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.050397778340557,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.000342261886147,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18351291.448680032,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16732236.850049186,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.7875492042639154,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.4308,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.0025,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 73.6324757072975,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.14450468941993222,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 73.6324757072975,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 47,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5519.28,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5086398293564651,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 64.48114650110831,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 481890,
      "num_markets": 150,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "S19",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 516529.64426877466,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 63.23161242303268,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5090.909090909091,
      "price_spread_pct": 10144.875962892622,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 121.90151247920137,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 260706578
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 56270571.46783874,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 185.48526219005893
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 32655313.761519805,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.96733228454266
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 37668477.79074633,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.351755814803752
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 40030382.04591689,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.270240778752117
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 41254660.52507013,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.0583732070029415
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 34411979.87782524,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.5864427440547
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 31107983.61932311,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.601296613076292
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 30861490.72239783,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7923782522894409
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 33986768.99691753,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.126789734922038
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 35798052.96939726,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.329379714335326
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 58890433.25500677,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 64.50736386515358
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 47306002.24163195,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.671159427902378
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 48057371.64551488,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5883172711256677
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 54761190.99435247,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.949617133219231
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 46222843.68488248,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.591967878037117
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "481890",
    "hs_description": "Paper articles: articles of paper, cellulose wadding or fibres, n.e.c. in heading no. 4818",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4818
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 481890,
      "corridor_rank": 18,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16900023.333299227,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9908964.472405175,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19566806.52397667,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20116091.869879264,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16126854.767698849,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.5266541969975695,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.448712215471165,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.5614770279120829,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27586543.673568923,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 81388888.73244259,
      "historical_peak_year": 2010,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.9651771690854867,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -14.0489,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.6035,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 20.76453382826773,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.8347244202254203,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 25.2129231175133,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 78,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1475.46,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8067027433625096,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 70.58924432920341,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 481890,
      "corridor_rank": 31,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12320360.233899947,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7126971.809995523,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12113056.5390533,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11396737.478800917,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9360458.195113802,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.787891466150063,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.050397778340557,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.000342261886147,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18351291.448680032,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16732236.850049186,
      "historical_peak_year": 2010,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.7875492042639154,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.4308,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.0025,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 73.6324757072975,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.14450468941993222,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 73.6324757072975,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 47,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5519.28,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5086398293564651,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 64.48114650110831,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 481890,
    "num_markets": 150,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "S19",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 516529.64426877466,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 63.23161242303268,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5090.909090909091,
    "price_spread_pct": 10144.875962892622,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 121.90151247920137,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 260706578
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 56270571.46783874,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 185.48526219005893
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 32655313.761519805,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.96733228454266
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 37668477.79074633,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.351755814803752
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 40030382.04591689,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.270240778752117
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 41254660.52507013,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.0583732070029415
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 34411979.87782524,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.5864427440547
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 31107983.61932311,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.601296613076292
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 30861490.72239783,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7923782522894409
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 33986768.99691753,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.126789734922038
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 35798052.96939726,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.329379714335326
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 58890433.25500677,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 64.50736386515358
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 47306002.24163195,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.671159427902378
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 48057371.64551488,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5883172711256677
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 54761190.99435247,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.949617133219231
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 46222843.68488248,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.591967878037117
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}