{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/481820",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/481820",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/481820",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "481820",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 171,
    "current_lane_count": 120,
    "active_market_count": 120,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 110725754.3455666,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 110616025.85225266,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 106419523.41152632,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 96979534.26092447,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 82452103.35536432,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.910173442762261,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.118991662787934,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.382709321411982,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 56116522.81279815,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 146577155.15189892,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.527464121350279,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 48776609.28121139,
    "top_market_share_pct": 44.05172903946387,
    "destination_hhi": 2568.806826032092,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 24.881033100710887,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.05125945578259817,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7566873689603655,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 62.19493293926604,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 16.95906432748538,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 481820,
      "hs_description": "Paper articles: handkerchiefs, cleansing or facial tissues and towels",
      "hs_chapter": 48,
      "hs_heading": 4818,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.423242,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Paper articles: handkerchiefs, cleansing or facial tissues and towels",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4818,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 481820,
        "corridor_rank": 27,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 48776609.28121139,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 22629036.287434116,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 51966446.47626852,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 46167527.45164678,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 38954779.40734048,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.465330685619524,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.250528770785849,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.3571482329965976,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 56478045.33706373,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 442527108.3704358,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.108182452622927,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.949,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3379,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.02228730366974,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.19909196047401778,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 41.44426534945792,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 82,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2441.35,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.708248098762654,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 52.470885709574844,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 481820,
        "corridor_rank": 48,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 24712717.843159784,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17630156.98812912,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23959345.855087515,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 22655798.55731776,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20021606.429003052,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.703464391825873,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.235753738653926,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.9253932779073955,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27378630.709504005,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 32951710.784254093,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.778071113918478,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.3181,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.5468,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 74.99676725424742,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.4631432778527085,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 74.9967672542474,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 44,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5807.27,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.32360299289613054,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 42.953845035472035,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 481820,
      "num_markets": 151,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 268000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MMR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 53.41246290801187,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2867.712195224512,
      "price_spread_pct": 9343.566205259121,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 371.8546043771044,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 432852234
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 59483500.81887026,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.9191741773709063
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 68972760.60140635,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.952759423880044
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 66128990.59634966,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.123033470402676
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 69411478.20985915,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.9637648842180955
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 72033148.98443031,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.7769989088040856
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 65426100.584776275,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.172233190974515
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 63239313.523068815,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.3423771891676726
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 61920277.48300699,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.085784880603832
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 74167621.60791391,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.779213890422252
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 74870049.05025497,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9470809864369552
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 82327712.74679382,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.960810485823307
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 83311388.32324953,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1948292302023424
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 102690190.67752066,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.260688297596317
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 105952353.70480563,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.17670364205397
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 110616025.8522526,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.401669226188646
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "481820",
    "hs_description": "Paper articles: handkerchiefs, cleansing or facial tissues and towels",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4818
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 481820,
      "corridor_rank": 27,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 48776609.28121139,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 22629036.287434116,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 51966446.47626852,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 46167527.45164678,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 38954779.40734048,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.465330685619524,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.250528770785849,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.3571482329965976,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 56478045.33706373,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 442527108.3704358,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.108182452622927,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.949,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3379,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 11.02228730366974,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.19909196047401778,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 41.44426534945792,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 82,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2441.35,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.708248098762654,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 52.470885709574844,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 481820,
      "corridor_rank": 48,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 24712717.843159784,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17630156.98812912,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23959345.855087515,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 22655798.55731776,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20021606.429003052,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.703464391825873,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.235753738653926,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.9253932779073955,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27378630.709504005,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 32951710.784254093,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.778071113918478,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.3181,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.5468,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 74.99676725424742,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.4631432778527085,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 74.9967672542474,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 44,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5807.27,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.32360299289613054,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 42.953845035472035,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 481820,
    "num_markets": 151,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IRQ",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 268000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MMR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 53.41246290801187,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2867.712195224512,
    "price_spread_pct": 9343.566205259121,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 371.8546043771044,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 432852234
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 59483500.81887026,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.9191741773709063
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 68972760.60140635,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.952759423880044
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 66128990.59634966,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.123033470402676
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 69411478.20985915,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.9637648842180955
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 72033148.98443031,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.7769989088040856
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 65426100.584776275,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.172233190974515
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 63239313.523068815,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.3423771891676726
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 61920277.48300699,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.085784880603832
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 74167621.60791391,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.779213890422252
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 74870049.05025497,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9470809864369552
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 82327712.74679382,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.960810485823307
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 83311388.32324953,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1948292302023424
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 102690190.67752066,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.260688297596317
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 105952353.70480563,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.17670364205397
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 110616025.8522526,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.401669226188646
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}