{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/481720",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/481720",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/481720",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "481720",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 143,
    "current_lane_count": 81,
    "active_market_count": 81,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1183692.8945291373,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1082419.497249554,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1167283.211872665,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1150917.4992204304,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1007593.506573619,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.326039081319102,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -18.652180755083613,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.123510512540587,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 987590.0255352294,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 7238964.35686805,
    "historical_peak_year": 2019,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -16.44954959385969,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 355690.06265547377,
    "top_market_share_pct": 30.049184573078318,
    "destination_hhi": 1181.908852144367,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 15.921329110375163,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 7.516711107928424,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4460406460709272,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 94.37856454829557,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 34.96503496503497,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 481720,
      "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: letter cards, plain postcards and correspondence cards",
      "hs_chapter": 48,
      "hs_heading": 4817,
      "substitution_elasticity": -13.565848,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: letter cards, plain postcards and correspondence cards",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4817,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 481720,
        "corridor_rank": 19,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 51268.07320600335,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 32196.9020703757,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30311.53304347773,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 24210.671277547248,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 24960.738928585175,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 21.980566176059966,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 32.11632978453678,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.099752095683145,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 98443.23757191222,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10860479.666643545,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.88081408037682,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 13.7422,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.9714,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4720608553180768,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18885069194412424,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 41.66557595658453,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 62,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2242.8,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.899370390705163,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.09882359599237,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 481720,
      "num_markets": 107,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 670000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 112.50153355416514,
      "median_price_across_markets": 15914.615384615385,
      "price_spread_pct": 4209.259741922662,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.2443180515759311,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 3544305
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1125849.5606440231,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.20715086957943
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 999332.5493330712,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.237470416436453
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 410584.9352231721,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -58.91408365541723
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 474271.08271774463,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.511077497267673
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 495671.8197716239,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.512342800080766
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 391649.42920697323,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.986141720257162
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 383011.8700577811,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.2054313130704117
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 221773.19122550695,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.09756705659011
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 286365.56618230994,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.125420705662812
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3038547.512961466,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 961.0729332684589
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 847798.3761869167,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -72.09856444335718
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1404939.4842972406,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 65.71622732000719
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1480285.3199724425,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.362923920733162
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 939144.8183959983,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -36.55649990412107
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1082419.4972495537,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.255866406020289
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "481720",
    "hs_description": "Paper and paperboard: letter cards, plain postcards and correspondence cards",
    "hs_chapter": 48,
    "hs_heading": 4817
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 481720,
      "corridor_rank": 19,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 51268.07320600335,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 32196.9020703757,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30311.53304347773,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 24210.671277547248,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 24960.738928585175,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 21.980566176059966,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 32.11632978453678,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.099752095683145,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 98443.23757191222,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10860479.666643545,
      "historical_peak_year": 2005,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.88081408037682,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 13.7422,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.9714,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4720608553180768,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18885069194412424,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 41.66557595658453,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 62,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2242.8,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.899370390705163,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.09882359599237,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 481720,
    "num_markets": 107,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 670000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 112.50153355416514,
    "median_price_across_markets": 15914.615384615385,
    "price_spread_pct": 4209.259741922662,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.2443180515759311,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 3544305
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1125849.5606440231,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.20715086957943
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 999332.5493330712,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.237470416436453
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 410584.9352231721,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -58.91408365541723
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 474271.08271774463,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.511077497267673
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 495671.8197716239,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.512342800080766
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 391649.42920697323,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.986141720257162
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 383011.8700577811,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.2054313130704117
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 221773.19122550695,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.09756705659011
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 286365.56618230994,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.125420705662812
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 3038547.512961466,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 961.0729332684589
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 847798.3761869167,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -72.09856444335718
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1404939.4842972406,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 65.71622732000719
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1480285.3199724425,
      "active_destinations": 79,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.362923920733162
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 939144.8183959983,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.55649990412107
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1082419.4972495537,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.255866406020289
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}