{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/420321",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/420321",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/420321",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "420321",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 151,
    "current_lane_count": 87,
    "active_market_count": 87,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 3466814.6138912444,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 3369056.6949021583,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3442010.477266072,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3060491.2862256533,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2602712.2909270404,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.389178941128425,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.377364463949187,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.194269719651142,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1711860.4725991308,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 8342346.570767733,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.805090778522717,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1619368.3282525593,
    "top_market_share_pct": 46.71055446010531,
    "destination_hhi": 2500.9632310701168,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 18.41590332650213,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.27677535724925173,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2954893315819485,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.4614764353556,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 33.11258278145695,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 420321,
      "hs_description": "Clothing accessories: gloves, mittens and mitts, specially designed for use in sports, of leather or composition leather, padded",
      "hs_chapter": 42,
      "hs_heading": 4203,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.9029508,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Clothing accessories: gloves, mittens and mitts, specially designed for use in sports, of leather or composition leather, padded",
    "hs_chapter": 42,
    "hs_heading": 4203,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 420321,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1619368.3282525593,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 271248.9702192383,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1309456.9884600195,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 930228.2100429339,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 694569.4644267648,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 42.19694759656072,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.953222168546265,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.94465592321735,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1878648.2320109047,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16851746.162758395,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 17.252291673343368,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.7705,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2591,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.60949869890214,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8474540975455458,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 30.48853213246047,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 54,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1607.55,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.632945720816731,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.39737267667016,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 420321,
      "num_markets": 121,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DOM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3602000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CIV",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 184,
      "median_price_across_markets": 71278.03308823529,
      "price_spread_pct": 5053.192188316001,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.7836883408071749,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 15458931
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1674521.0467250554,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.963854664945767
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2467239.294966084,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.33999908758312
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1017459.8188855987,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -58.761202411070336
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1040386.4159010485,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.2533171914897605
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 975582.2723814119,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.228853292313665
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1108930.8427508117,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.66861351876494
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2141420.0281442353,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 93.10672456654132
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2784186.3884657724,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.015893746849915
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2216912.4193792557,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.374856059802564
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 2473216.79940206,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.561321853867844
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 2098229.7219690643,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.161916962704394
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2878195.2773609874,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.172552996722
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2744559.8055072958,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.643030057926499
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 4212414.931388764,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.48235163016075
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 3369056.6949021583,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.02077787262434
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "420321",
    "hs_description": "Clothing accessories: gloves, mittens and mitts, specially designed for use in sports, of leather or composition leather, padded",
    "hs_chapter": 42,
    "hs_heading": 4203
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 420321,
      "corridor_rank": 52,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1619368.3282525593,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 271248.9702192383,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1309456.9884600195,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 930228.2100429339,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 694569.4644267648,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 42.19694759656072,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.953222168546265,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.94465592321735,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1878648.2320109047,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16851746.162758395,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 17.252291673343368,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.7705,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2591,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.60949869890214,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8474540975455458,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 30.48853213246047,
      "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
      "supplier_count_latest": 54,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1607.55,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.632945720816731,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 92.39737267667016,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 420321,
    "num_markets": 121,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DOM",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3602000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CIV",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 184,
    "median_price_across_markets": 71278.03308823529,
    "price_spread_pct": 5053.192188316001,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.7836883408071749,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 15458931
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1674521.0467250554,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.963854664945767
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2467239.294966084,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.33999908758312
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1017459.8188855987,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -58.761202411070336
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1040386.4159010485,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.2533171914897605
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 975582.2723814119,
      "active_destinations": 84,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.228853292313665
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1108930.8427508117,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.66861351876494
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2141420.0281442353,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 93.10672456654132
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2784186.3884657724,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.015893746849915
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2216912.4193792557,
      "active_destinations": 86,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.374856059802564
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 2473216.79940206,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.561321853867844
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 2098229.7219690643,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.161916962704394
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2878195.2773609874,
      "active_destinations": 107,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.172552996722
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2744559.8055072958,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.643030057926499
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 4212414.931388764,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.48235163016075
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 3369056.6949021583,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.02077787262434
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}