{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/420310",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/420310",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/420310",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "420310",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 163,
    "current_lane_count": 128,
    "active_market_count": 128,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 83358651.75531177,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 83311829.18955886,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 73219304.14978455,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 71377263.65241075,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 82758740.68703832,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.35695889855541,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.2837639342405236,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.1689474582456736,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 75183615.25855269,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 202065031.00986958,
    "historical_peak_year": 2015,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.525906356801084,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 11896838.272856705,
    "top_market_share_pct": 14.27186983275388,
    "destination_hhi": 751.1650841394786,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.823460237054233,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.5518754942930741,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.5916636984994762,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 72.50512848041345,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 20.858895705521473,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 420310,
      "hs_description": "Apparel: articles of apparel, of leather or of composition leather",
      "hs_chapter": 42,
      "hs_heading": 4203,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.9029508,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Apparel: articles of apparel, of leather or of composition leather",
    "hs_chapter": 42,
    "hs_heading": 4203,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 420310,
        "corridor_rank": 43,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11896838.272856705,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11174358.643505292,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8276193.8235397255,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7198744.351974535,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9452225.620325493,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 32.80476079340566,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.5627522146328778,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.8214871397463019,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 17981805.37228551,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24864747.894127358,
        "historical_peak_year": 2009,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 31.98327365365936,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 53.9893,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.9768,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 47.84620509129127,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.788046739911721,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.846205091291274,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 69,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3167.1,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.36769092913113377,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 71.75397538384368,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420310,
        "corridor_rank": 50,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10482642.820491116,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5303513.322204716,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7971186.460254331,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6925064.817026156,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6958198.026802197,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 26.735601348937,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.87419896031605,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.6981856148676755,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10482642.820491116,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 191234453.18564576,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 25.037415734069324,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.7593,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.2677,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.481566028436738,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.4075879952730412,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 19.73755985701402,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 82,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 878.93,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.3954890866110885,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 51.562602969752724,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420310,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10067845.595583726,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8444995.515697973,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9918804.5063289,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9710398.816550951,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9462573.9161657,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3134763821772477,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.6341159498752384,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.611420651963439,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 19404061.193203516,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 199507829.3534107,
        "historical_peak_year": 2002,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.924897034140686,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.2832,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.5413,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.046341102608767,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.4347693178253893,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 43.17225393018187,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 114,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2286.33,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.41712841856265537,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 67.95871865228943,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420310,
        "corridor_rank": 55,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "POL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9398377.770147033,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2607525.640815735,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6653179.363733116,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5778846.477373058,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5030531.864592773,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 33.08597552558883,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.21945297494294,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.995859655235733,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9398377.770147033,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 76868826.97531153,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 18.090115870353095,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 29.2388,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6209,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 12.226513841775642,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.6723093743553701,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.12163449857326,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 85,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1213.87,
        "distance_km": 2293.0048828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08183472355387879,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04607734616949498,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8899303083831072,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 55.00913373531986,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 420310,
      "num_markets": 151,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BIH",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5917500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 166.54676258992808,
      "median_price_across_markets": 118246.33821571239,
      "price_spread_pct": 5004.242450571822,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6.552838658146962,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 405241266
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 76778449.27581438,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.9443125763039
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 94212957.40666905,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.70755439228001
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 95107352.4039217,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9493333208849377
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 98164171.24429578,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2140720597412367
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 103738367.57657167,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.6784428184125355
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 105277929.7149402,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.484081708951267
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 98162960.03399387,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.758272792988477
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 86097098.08656414,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.291664741213303
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 87649879.00471114,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.8035229440437048
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 93513221.76811999,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.689504686131629
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 69897250.30377626,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.254152319661337
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 67331155.50892383,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.6712385447211218
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 67424591.38936672,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.13877064746126908
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 68921491.87042806,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.220110571255772
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 83311829.18955888,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.879317798553405
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "420310",
    "hs_description": "Apparel: articles of apparel, of leather or of composition leather",
    "hs_chapter": 42,
    "hs_heading": 4203
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 420310,
      "corridor_rank": 43,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11896838.272856705,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11174358.643505292,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8276193.8235397255,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7198744.351974535,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9452225.620325493,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 32.80476079340566,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.5627522146328778,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.8214871397463019,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 17981805.37228551,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24864747.894127358,
      "historical_peak_year": 2009,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 31.98327365365936,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 53.9893,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.9768,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 47.84620509129127,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.788046739911721,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.846205091291274,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 69,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3167.1,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.36769092913113377,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 71.75397538384368,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 420310,
      "corridor_rank": 50,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10482642.820491116,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5303513.322204716,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7971186.460254331,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6925064.817026156,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6958198.026802197,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 26.735601348937,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.87419896031605,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.6981856148676755,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10482642.820491116,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 191234453.18564576,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 25.037415734069324,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.7593,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.2677,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.481566028436738,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.4075879952730412,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 19.73755985701402,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
      "supplier_count_latest": 82,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 878.93,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.3954890866110885,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 51.562602969752724,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 420310,
      "corridor_rank": 52,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
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}