{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/420231",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/420231",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/420231",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "420231",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 169,
    "current_lane_count": 121,
    "active_market_count": 121,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 173723859.11070988,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 173661714.62000477,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 190502821.22443667,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 187167637.43458062,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 171642816.1108491,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.85790005971474,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.2811695478622376,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9482052782951333,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 119117791.32181343,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 294705596.2086871,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.806105338009873,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "JPN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 53090115.406541206,
    "top_market_share_pct": 30.560059900988158,
    "destination_hhi": 1768.6042068777347,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 11.871354494169555,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.2509066262376378,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.5836339021710618,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 66.94462740299046,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 20.71005917159763,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 420231,
      "hs_description": "Cases and containers: of a kind normally carried in the pocket or in the handbag, with outer surface of leather or of composition leather",
      "hs_chapter": 42,
      "hs_heading": 4202,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.5761824,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Cases and containers: of a kind normally carried in the pocket or in the handbag, with outer surface of leather or of composition leather",
    "hs_chapter": 42,
    "hs_heading": 4202,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 420231,
        "corridor_rank": 11,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "JPN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 53090115.406541206,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 26353650.207673892,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 53919218.527789526,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 51436209.211931616,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 41823031.03585714,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.800709742881226,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.999640114428219,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.126760481121705,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 61533630.2622838,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 553296833.6667683,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.927470224002931,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.66,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.4407,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.595232102577969,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4085569601858001,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.27993560453016,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 63,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2170.52,
        "distance_km": 10777.423828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.039966357792484856,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.030413669105984857,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5488133555118672,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 56.70364824146527,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer macroeconomic trend has weakened",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420231,
        "corridor_rank": 14,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 45406800.05278936,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 38342275.59134977,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 44223551.06530027,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 40013552.21069507,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 39747791.96184584,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5838342976230546,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.790771985455372,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.3606947947944139,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 58878441.566159576,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 255913608.3135242,
        "historical_peak_year": 2004,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.2231395028286407,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.9098,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.8306,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 17.74301896332168,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.995982991478872,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.48284165557256,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 119,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3573.05,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.23995375466126906,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 64.57373649888385,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420231,
        "corridor_rank": 46,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12880590.649430396,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7705032.538396338,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12276639.551724585,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10775498.318420198,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9958541.172081605,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.339584436031909,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.100360495605894,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.182216537795048,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12880590.649430396,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 429952945.7118652,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.1573678982368607,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.2475,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.5723,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.9958140252078613,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.23900818752830633,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.322093381486745,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 103,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1523.64,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.33601289550600244,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 67.25052528742542,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420231,
        "corridor_rank": 63,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9364377.27293123,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3250415.8071757522,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5610396.5311134495,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6167980.454652123,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4969544.130289207,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7976435111730749,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.534909207648305,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.015557045324018,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9888107.38499547,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18854483.983312007,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.813200556497092,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 37.512,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.5379,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 49.66657947902251,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 18.642196715522925,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 49.66657947902252,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 74,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2877.96,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.637666432552193,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 67.50629992088216,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420231,
        "corridor_rank": 78,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7715629.311921516,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5113724.778102493,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13583531.641137933,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14191494.440434262,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12201969.279395541,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -24.3098062359701,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -15.496397660961215,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.12863421409963216,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 17905862.24442818,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 165151596.89872497,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.438440450069734,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -25.8322,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.0287,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.671846628678336,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.741669058887183,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.348557644392915,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 86,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1215.56,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1905951679555764,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 56.91003758100277,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420231,
        "corridor_rank": 93,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "KOR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6186683.938026441,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3216821.929600252,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7366260.648725055,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7811864.858751349,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6879877.295923835,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.379958445978966,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.0640810560971454,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.029926006378391,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8889187.800602006,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 189536928.13507572,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.409884452357357,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -20.184,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.8834,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.2641047836427033,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.179395929832046,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 63.1118421177587,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 80,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4356.7,
        "distance_km": 10012.6416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1369564428626263,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11067370517943842,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9379513370534238,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 78.92264772751233,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 420231,
      "num_markets": 142,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 84099280.78817734,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 122.4105461393597,
      "median_price_across_markets": 129776.9616872352,
      "price_spread_pct": 64802.84118556549,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.719822934232714,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 773233358
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 69408392.33727382,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.35673123397549
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 109276245.65924855,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 57.439528534598864
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 168522724.9624018,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 54.217162152421515
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 158428784.51218772,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.989661306785831
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 158022185.08764324,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.25664491828074604
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 135134570.53669825,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.483798295948707
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 161786311.6248735,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.722370805875666
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 148658155.9249452,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.114503364393359
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 172058616.61683562,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.741121330540981
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 162952319.2322355,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.292555271950906
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 142341585.95388567,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.648321530776082
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 221988137.5457074,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 55.954520288698184
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 202700897.2448579,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.68841034214193
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 195145851.80844736,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.7271889464229795
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 173661714.62000483,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.009271777670723
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
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