{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/420221",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/420221",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/420221",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "420221",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 180,
    "current_lane_count": 138,
    "active_market_count": 138,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 723407789.9621593,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 723268024.5407497,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 678228482.1094582,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 586647075.8051052,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 449662085.42552197,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.339092236342507,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.446951026518558,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.88521424496478,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 214376148.34384313,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 840007465.7475871,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.4538779913777269,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 151263112.1178455,
    "top_market_share_pct": 20.909798624888726,
    "destination_hhi": 921.8131352328768,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 6.4103173469818415,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7996602255586645,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0887080625115857,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 50.2847267977134,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 16.11111111111111,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 420221,
      "hs_description": "Cases and containers: handbags (whether or not with shoulder strap and including those without handle), with outer surface of leather, of composition leather or of patent leather",
      "hs_chapter": 42,
      "hs_heading": 4202,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.6132002,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Cases and containers: handbags (whether or not with shoulder strap and including those without handle), with outer surface of leather, of composition leather or of patent leather",
    "hs_chapter": 42,
    "hs_heading": 4202,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 420221,
        "corridor_rank": 26,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 151263112.1178455,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 36493571.79621804,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 129498406.45204778,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 104085760.22794056,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 78565273.63451447,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 22.797082291826555,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.612791776910637,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.00194933357102,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 151263112.1178455,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1404632958.8860152,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.795132958255536,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -10.5561,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.3126,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.768871053531964,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.512893683856298,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 61.56694388924119,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 127,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3966.98,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0482700818774653,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 42.46694565069947,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420221,
        "corridor_rank": 39,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "JPN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 78014017.64882216,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 19892296.274266418,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 68130128.61802343,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 52940384.62850743,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 38536937.12320538,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 32.15620179953853,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 21.340069762197068,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.97639193336688,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 78014017.64882216,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1134735501.3555114,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 20.17980986617165,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 15.2369,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.7794,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.87508389008977,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.46366671548766103,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.30121589529709,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 68,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3345.43,
        "distance_km": 10777.423828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.039966357792484856,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.030413669105984857,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9123653295890864,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 43.39810305856952,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420221,
        "corridor_rank": 42,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 75896056.77024393,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 19963591.097005542,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 81648115.34566033,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 76185421.84581064,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 48853252.83438126,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.61042282802586,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.16976945127884,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.54162695088248,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 97014713.1194161,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 2023277489.827548,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 81.48148148148148,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -20.152049778908342,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.0509,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 27.6784,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 79.3103,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.7511442277110905,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.4180008433299167,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.16349149948379,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 95,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3337.74,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4158168993753992,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 21.768508786061215,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420221,
        "corridor_rank": 45,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 69119578.3982765,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18761079.043277863,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 65169170.18356504,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 56765315.088623166,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 42219475.92140701,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.421746558793995,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 12.543449721780942,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.36309295391387,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 69119578.3982765,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 2472282734.8862953,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.941346395119876,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.2243,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6306,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.7957796825958674,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4445112365413637,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.24481673685345,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 130,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2105.05,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0512226556068562,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 30.84552202678114,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420221,
        "corridor_rank": 56,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 55812284.315939434,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 13155330.019709472,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 39666722.5229455,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 37281171.126301095,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 30566993.08881607,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.944236414144267,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 12.970592844940022,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.543890027567617,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 55812284.315939434,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 996998248.9914701,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.400346386576651,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.5142,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.7469,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.598032330788669,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.4238439444785915,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.91288300159447,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 105,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2335.08,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.075468877408621,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 64.6296335348122,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420221,
        "corridor_rank": 77,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "KOR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 40123809.5420167,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8424691.372946763,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 39715142.64984027,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 33667936.209763765,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22269607.215266887,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.4701108425048846,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 17.50734917576995,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.994190460784658,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 41502305.25925095,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1054409661.3279619,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.524079618279774,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.7384,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.9256,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.8053340189887215,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5935338927051808,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 53.93144066716297,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 96,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3918.67,
        "distance_km": 10012.6416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1369564428626263,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11067370517943842,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4893422396291482,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 91.55434793917301,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420221,
        "corridor_rank": 79,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 37776415.88724557,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 14142798.198653184,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 34829253.96149895,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 30119489.97736823,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 26019573.68707037,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 23.691445656021372,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.666671972616965,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.674204971136756,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 38788082.44332889,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 626894113.455049,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.017240684884616,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.3433,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.1664,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.025964365663854,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.41672397907948344,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 46.25418578848106,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 96,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2892.28,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7273565532930226,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 33.62216539797318,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 420221,
        "corridor_rank": 89,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SGP",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 31069911.307400614,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 10606223.445682537,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 45094303.12731039,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 37430332.71723895,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 25451994.704556707,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.113471614671662,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.494501207834926,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.576502986054457,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 54281125.5599441,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 575140784.154541,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -15.689974600726119,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -30.3438,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.5085,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.402140165224678,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.1719362784485323,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.53833867165705,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 90,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3851.57,
        "distance_km": 11400.1279296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0035649841120444442,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.3439559928296798,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 65.89236447703038,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 420221,
      "num_markets": 172,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 11957436.363636363,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 134.44781768718212,
      "median_price_across_markets": 133000,
      "price_spread_pct": 8990.45256828472,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 12.320756680731366,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 2380927195
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 110135902.52936961,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.7227820694701
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 182948199.54975864,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 66.11131824245268
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 191270425.07146978,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.548951857516173
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 236268228.680782,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.525750827655873
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 257372929.71540242,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.932517568045359
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 249402202.6561729,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.0969562603352987
      },
      {
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