{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/411410",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/411410",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/411410",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "411410",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 106,
    "current_lane_count": 40,
    "active_market_count": 40,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 23986426.33851138,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 23272742.434467535,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 21144612.86393391,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18552370.50830827,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 17144704.027455293,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.630734947761235,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.335437308788519,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.5168870379593136,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 17131287.976106748,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 65266357.81179906,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.113847909801922,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 12833733.843951901,
    "top_market_share_pct": 53.50415131805906,
    "destination_hhi": 3253.3124963935475,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 48.0446826796703,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -2.1012642080081245,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1037553158231777,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.44569659579793,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 34.905660377358494,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 411410,
      "hs_description": "Leather: chamois (including combination chamois)",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4114,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.6575875,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Leather: chamois (including combination chamois)",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4114,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 411410,
        "corridor_rank": 1,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12833733.843951901,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1958169.8470451867,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9126716.032644046,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6898767.327453153,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4296954.774352716,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 38.87105472592231,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.552522852547625,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 27.298712401296864,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12833733.843951901,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24812512.280032843,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.572342324625449,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.0185,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.4161,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 51.72283120351129,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7764922764936415,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.7228312035113,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 32,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3856.25,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.433903302660864,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 89.62387975043828,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 411410,
        "corridor_rank": 4,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3959810.4297774616,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4190272.754006957,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4865318.182273895,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4793063.813552493,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5376136.261160566,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.880057547286835,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.670405900033792,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.447481480616057,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7711157.243614977,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14333051.197050909,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.4325760666707783,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.7436,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6269,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 27.62712820416221,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -10.965365417251057,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 43.818478514223656,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 28,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3439.51,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.40843527899090115,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 56.76486925562144,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 411410,
      "num_markets": 68,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MAR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 27289456.896551725,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 456.8918918918919,
      "median_price_across_markets": 26778.995335640437,
      "price_spread_pct": 101904.49515609955,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 27.897217592592593,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 120267280
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 17702898.3728703,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.83386663597055
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 19324976.68072597,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.162783820425163
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 18356693.49217205,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.010527073596154
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 16954180.811932728,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.640333924175424
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 20020026.329173766,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.0831238692655
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 15231767.91040573,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.91734326438145
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 16691019.746769221,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.580318220097016
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 14418086.598890983,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.61770090960558
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 17449233.775179483,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.02322770430337
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 14895079.701766185,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.637628828415563
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 13039674.59130476,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.45649669294096
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 16288339.358434856,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.913695080216197
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 17927787.029569495,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.065161555500485
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 22233309.12776469,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.015915021155763
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 23272742.43446754,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.675117413830299
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "411410",
    "hs_description": "Leather: chamois (including combination chamois)",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4114
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 411410,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12833733.843951901,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1958169.8470451867,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9126716.032644046,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6898767.327453153,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4296954.774352716,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 38.87105472592231,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.552522852547625,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 27.298712401296864,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12833733.843951901,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24812512.280032843,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.572342324625449,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.0185,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.4161,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 51.72283120351129,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7764922764936415,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 51.7228312035113,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 32,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3856.25,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.433903302660864,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 89.62387975043828,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 411410,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3959810.4297774616,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4190272.754006957,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4865318.182273895,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4793063.813552493,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5376136.261160566,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.880057547286835,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.670405900033792,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.447481480616057,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7711157.243614977,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14333051.197050909,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.4325760666707783,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.7436,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6269,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 27.62712820416221,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -10.965365417251057,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 43.818478514223656,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 28,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3439.51,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.40843527899090115,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 56.76486925562144,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 411410,
    "num_markets": 68,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MAR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 27289456.896551725,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 456.8918918918919,
    "median_price_across_markets": 26778.995335640437,
    "price_spread_pct": 101904.49515609955,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 27.897217592592593,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 120267280
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 17702898.3728703,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.83386663597055
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 19324976.68072597,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.162783820425163
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 18356693.49217205,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.010527073596154
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 16954180.811932728,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.640333924175424
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 20020026.329173766,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.0831238692655
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 15231767.91040573,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.91734326438145
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 16691019.746769221,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.580318220097016
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 14418086.598890983,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.61770090960558
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 17449233.775179483,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.02322770430337
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 14895079.701766185,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.637628828415563
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 13039674.59130476,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.45649669294096
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 16288339.358434856,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.913695080216197
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 17927787.029569495,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.065161555500485
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 22233309.12776469,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.015915021155763
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 23272742.43446754,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.675117413830299
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}