{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410799",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410799",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410799",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410799",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 113,
    "current_lane_count": 64,
    "active_market_count": 64,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 31991004.40150264,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 31283479.592340894,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30350147.956752688,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 27417213.97468537,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 30565133.840521127,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.606097680557111,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.55600161400108,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.271828179219784,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 35979951.05740276,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 111129637.6461654,
    "historical_peak_year": 2013,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.877925859776894,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "MAR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 10210955.52253572,
    "top_market_share_pct": 31.91820861384429,
    "destination_hhi": 1709.1184613525415,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 26.475877152479647,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.2642411504941817,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7739691179809589,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 88.14180975689021,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 23.893805309734514,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410799,
      "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits)",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4107,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.3249912,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits)",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4107,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 410799,
        "corridor_rank": 37,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MAR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10210955.52253572,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6922411.992523921,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10208848.772272093,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8984679.916011607,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9171968.212265242,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.091599706902699,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.3940704672936315,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.1944035884025057,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14127383.509031463,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 20765564.061426688,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.286003295305203,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.6304,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.597,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 49.17254109895912,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.4881373737226653,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 49.17254109895911,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 17,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3374.48,
        "distance_km": 762.6525268554688,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.4768519003587878,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.4695611095118484,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7063619178170506,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.05980609659268,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 410799,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6490693.934324922,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1789580.0007646198,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4737414.50393255,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3732540.406401464,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3094372.1159755522,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 33.37275504078199,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.529865966492192,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.051981660670451,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6490693.934324922,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 44939646.99649261,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 22.32077338011154,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.5826,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -1.2663,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.443135111478513,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.0739845797782674,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.25276948797279,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 51,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2890.29,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7501156560824265,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 86.87098468616901,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 410799,
        "corridor_rank": 65,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4401114.384243727,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5813050.197354962,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4603069.0680751195,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4303986.577704505,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5281022.281731183,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.706084512722784,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.056668488286719,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.188838687532846,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8314223.804836999,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27180798.999420658,
        "historical_peak_year": 1999,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.894923200255629,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 6.2858,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.2574,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 16.19199783029753,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.484422190827793,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 69.29878204030419,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5085.77,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.2591549417522248,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 62.91008335017103,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 410799,
      "num_markets": 80,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2676000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 666.6666666666666,
      "median_price_across_markets": 20011.352885525073,
      "price_spread_pct": 13369.07778618255,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 29.15205016722408,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 146248028
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 37097224.61858719,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.116204329927483
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 42260210.17282986,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.91744424906603
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 43729713.82760635,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.4772748378834892
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 53934398.39837682,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.33581374668934
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 53767951.945788376,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.3086090834999574
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 37597898.70427545,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.07377565323003
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 32492207.632479813,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.5797245265067
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 30972773.47240643,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.676303245565038
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 31895045.307159428,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.977685661810845
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 35607343.415463276,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.639105925554384
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 20928071.9394655,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.22540484057279
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 25107554.06370329,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.97069838218711
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 27557498.037505515,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.757796269545757
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 32209466.24041165,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.88095267783326
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 31283479.592340894,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.8748897642673943
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410799",
    "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits)",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4107
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 410799,
      "corridor_rank": 37,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MAR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10210955.52253572,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6922411.992523921,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10208848.772272093,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8984679.916011607,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9171968.212265242,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.091599706902699,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.3940704672936315,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.1944035884025057,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14127383.509031463,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 20765564.061426688,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.286003295305203,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.6304,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.597,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 49.17254109895912,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.4881373737226653,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 49.17254109895911,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 17,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3374.48,
      "distance_km": 762.6525268554688,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.4768519003587878,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.4695611095118484,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7063619178170506,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.05980609659268,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 410799,
      "corridor_rank": 52,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6490693.934324922,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1789580.0007646198,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4737414.50393255,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3732540.406401464,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3094372.1159755522,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 33.37275504078199,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.529865966492192,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.051981660670451,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6490693.934324922,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 44939646.99649261,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 22.32077338011154,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.5826,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -1.2663,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 14.443135111478513,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.0739845797782674,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.25276948797279,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 51,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2890.29,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7501156560824265,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 86.87098468616901,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 410799,
      "corridor_rank": 65,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4401114.384243727,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5813050.197354962,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4603069.0680751195,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4303986.577704505,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5281022.281731183,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.706084512722784,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.056668488286719,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.188838687532846,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8314223.804836999,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27180798.999420658,
      "historical_peak_year": 1999,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.894923200255629,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 6.2858,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.2574,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 16.19199783029753,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.484422190827793,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 69.29878204030419,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 39,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5085.77,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
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      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
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  "priceSummary": {
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}