{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410640",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410640",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410640",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410640",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 43,
    "current_lane_count": 3,
    "active_market_count": 3,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 904219.4659580593,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 346400.25517475465,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 824106.7013772604,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 812173.7270105041,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 983829.4976770396,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -27.2845578683271,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -23.36723928152329,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -9.140813606479337,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1049236.3801791016,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 3887732.877383879,
    "historical_peak_year": 2017,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -18.14374426184776,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "SGP",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 297948.8315426232,
    "top_market_share_pct": 32.950941973687065,
    "destination_hhi": 1705.8268942700386,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 18.947178153858648,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7332366380578593,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.408225433138091,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.79729739421401,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 65.11627906976744,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 71.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410640,
      "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of reptiles, whether or not split, but not further prepared",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4106,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.022389,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of reptiles, whether or not split, but not further prepared",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4106,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 410640,
        "corridor_rank": 48,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 48401.64394524725,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 375114.4353114774,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 342520.77457845595,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 348042.54813079874,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 596470.2271093002,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -56.99556703727339,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -46.583596966518904,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -24.380857336018234,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1206637.4136916243,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23330924.990961045,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -32.61470970125515,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -32.6698,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 31.0257,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20745702951768605,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.54873225632708,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 41.55447781603632,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2419.63,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.055196460476491,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.00274703916308,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 410640,
        "corridor_rank": 60,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2023,
        "lane_data_years": 13,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 21246.088217248354,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 123356.85063964323,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 364428.44147893647,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 245329.2508233447,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 252551.52040123023,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -55.34571374780475,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.08560517941443,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.7597318401378903,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 707610.7947406246,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14768488.786129901,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -53.58598190766686,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 5.8528,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 37.898,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.15228090241677042,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -5.768509273590154,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.3801488927024,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1865.33,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.7383225873501342,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.13216666156146,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 410640,
      "num_markets": 19,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1503750,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TUR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 13000,
      "median_price_across_markets": 300464.78873239434,
      "price_spread_pct": 496.147986687292,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.9688409090909093,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 8130581
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 301179.9707837632,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 332.93127615993194
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 641818.8580628774,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 113.10144110601603
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 898343.5714155092,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.96839764522791
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 921840.005290147,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.6155286932832134
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 903420.1389541373,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.9981630467655922
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 992753.3212699239,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.888331958063826
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1179854.2635927885,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.84666999487105
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1636608.9752094443,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.71280765014033
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 657502.0957097836,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -59.82533973176823
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1310707.6859359336,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 99.34654117277064
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 687603.5795746208,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -47.53951724303611
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 900944.9513461181,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.026797723112328
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1078757.3050400887,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.73620623860514
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1047162.543916938,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.92881086186263
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 346400.25517475465,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -66.92010641642742
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410640",
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of reptiles, whether or not split, but not further prepared",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4106
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 410640,
      "corridor_rank": 48,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 48401.64394524725,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 375114.4353114774,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 342520.77457845595,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 348042.54813079874,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 596470.2271093002,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -56.99556703727339,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -46.583596966518904,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -24.380857336018234,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1206637.4136916243,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23330924.990961045,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -32.61470970125515,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -32.6698,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 31.0257,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20745702951768605,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.54873225632708,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 41.55447781603632,
      "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 16,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2419.63,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.055196460476491,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.00274703916308,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 410640,
      "corridor_rank": 60,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "latest_data_year": 2023,
      "lane_data_years": 13,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 21246.088217248354,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 123356.85063964323,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 364428.44147893647,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 245329.2508233447,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 252551.52040123023,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -55.34571374780475,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.08560517941443,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.7597318401378903,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 707610.7947406246,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14768488.786129901,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -53.58598190766686,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 5.8528,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 37.898,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.15228090241677042,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -5.768509273590154,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 29.3801488927024,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 15,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1865.33,
      "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
      "volatility_cv": 1.7383225873501342,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.13216666156146,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 410640,
    "num_markets": 19,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1503750,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TUR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 13000,
    "median_price_across_markets": 300464.78873239434,
    "price_spread_pct": 496.147986687292,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.9688409090909093,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 8130581
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 301179.9707837632,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 332.93127615993194
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 641818.8580628774,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 113.10144110601603
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 898343.5714155092,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.96839764522791
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 921840.005290147,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.6155286932832134
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 903420.1389541373,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.9981630467655922
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 992753.3212699239,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.888331958063826
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1179854.2635927885,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.84666999487105
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 1636608.9752094443,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.71280765014033
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 657502.0957097836,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -59.82533973176823
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1310707.6859359336,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 99.34654117277064
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 687603.5795746208,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -47.53951724303611
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 900944.9513461181,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.026797723112328
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1078757.3050400887,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.73620623860514
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1047162.543916938,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.92881086186263
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 346400.25517475465,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.92010641642742
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}