{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410622",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410622",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410622",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410622",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 80,
    "current_lane_count": 17,
    "active_market_count": 17,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 3914670.756985189,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 2928019.402532658,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3168752.1971282787,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3740903.8924464583,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3650123.6247643307,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.405699628493899,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.293770485401463,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.331675638787111,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 5306101.909011679,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 23543341.73573137,
    "historical_peak_year": 2001,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.73737526728101,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2337155.4805343403,
    "top_market_share_pct": 59.702478844843064,
    "destination_hhi": 3736.7462987065846,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 28.995072371899546,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 11.702881254507453,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8460509081871121,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.32728663432029,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 43.75,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 88.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410622,
      "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4106,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.2576141,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4106,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 410622,
        "corridor_rank": 3,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2337155.4805343403,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1827631.1483912957,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2664330.0216854583,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2869094.4281771504,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1990620.2138142488,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.6542318342251394,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.5178563182275497,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.932081375677576,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7240763.034205927,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12499133.348372014,
        "historical_peak_year": 2001,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -28.586313209902716,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -48.5039,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.27,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 37.931,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 18.698540253902884,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 8.26300478611266,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 60.930547726729145,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4218.86,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8260299432616652,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.75759919460168,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 410622,
        "corridor_rank": 18,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DZA",
        "latest_data_year": 2005,
        "lane_data_years": 2,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6294.958,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16712.6,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 16712.6,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16712.6,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16712.6,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27130.242,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10927922,
        "historical_peak_year": 2003,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 0,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 52958.5903,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2053068.9731,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 100,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 92.99870520329353,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -7.001294796706475,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 100,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NGA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 1,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 10000,
        "distance_km": 706.8756713867188,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.23658253282424235,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1656216637575757,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6233405933247969,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 76.79726557544161,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 410622,
      "num_markets": 38,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "S19",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 269333.3333333333,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 798.4545024444094,
      "median_price_across_markets": 32176.01246105919,
      "price_spread_pct": 834.580975986013,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.79780459770115,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 15392096
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4135194.3957968825,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.088522080840974
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2054296.6215193064,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.321643316035
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1818516.15466279,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.477430493077435
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 2544173.364393253,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.903808820715284
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2565202.812610031,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8265729258506499
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3141786.718757089,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.47712747361282
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2324863.438032141,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.001869440969827
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 3919277.154086931,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 68.58096221790846
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 4134871.556657723,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.500871566226827
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4275917.917877129,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.411142505558648
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 5739036.031791455,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.217637990598334
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 3459226.839056002,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.7246014854485
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 3596115.854453739,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.957214191686048
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2982121.334398438,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.07382478500733
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 2928019.402532658,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8142096111824952
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410622",
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4106
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 410622,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2337155.4805343403,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1827631.1483912957,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2664330.0216854583,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2869094.4281771504,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1990620.2138142488,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.6542318342251394,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.5178563182275497,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.932081375677576,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7240763.034205927,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12499133.348372014,
      "historical_peak_year": 2001,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -28.586313209902716,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -48.5039,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.27,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 37.931,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 18.698540253902884,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 8.26300478611266,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 60.930547726729145,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
      "supplier_count_latest": 22,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4218.86,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8260299432616652,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.75759919460168,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 410622,
      "corridor_rank": 18,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DZA",
      "latest_data_year": 2005,
      "lane_data_years": 2,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6294.958,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16712.6,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 16712.6,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16712.6,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16712.6,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27130.242,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10927922,
      "historical_peak_year": 2003,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 0,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 52958.5903,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2053068.9731,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 100,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 92.99870520329353,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -7.001294796706475,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 100,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NGA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 1,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 10000,
      "distance_km": 706.8756713867188,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.23658253282424235,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1656216637575757,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6233405933247969,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 76.79726557544161,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 410622,
    "num_markets": 38,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "S19",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 269333.3333333333,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PAK",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 798.4545024444094,
    "median_price_across_markets": 32176.01246105919,
    "price_spread_pct": 834.580975986013,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.79780459770115,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 15392096
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4135194.3957968825,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.088522080840974
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2054296.6215193064,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.321643316035
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1818516.15466279,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.477430493077435
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 2544173.364393253,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.903808820715284
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2565202.812610031,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8265729258506499
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3141786.718757089,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.47712747361282
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2324863.438032141,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.001869440969827
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 3919277.154086931,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.58096221790846
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 4134871.556657723,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.500871566226827
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4275917.917877129,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.411142505558648
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 5739036.031791455,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.217637990598334
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 3459226.839056002,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.7246014854485
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 3596115.854453739,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.957214191686048
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2982121.334398438,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.07382478500733
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 2928019.402532658,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8142096111824952
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}