{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410419",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410419",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410419",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410419",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 99,
    "current_lane_count": 31,
    "active_market_count": 31,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 19493498.756285287,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 18580858.48626936,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 20901649.108032417,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18401991.474301416,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20035068.41839068,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.6912034537936984,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.899044947198202,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.928521597434262,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 15649472.698443465,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 62846816.63015831,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.23731814364056358,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 8453725.66045982,
    "top_market_share_pct": 43.366897682921525,
    "destination_hhi": 2869.309497082866,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 29.158354457571033,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -19.190305079855264,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8619412378556438,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 65.56818708598819,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 33.333333333333336,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 95.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410419,
      "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet blue), excluding full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4104,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.3704119,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet blue), excluding full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4104,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 410419,
        "corridor_rank": 20,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8453725.66045982,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3926388.2381582097,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10177667.338806452,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8264383.646855647,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6723275.941012141,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.562711451442116,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 20.490245517067063,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.531526786004152,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15967832.835430862,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21576215.266354024,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.968815334562036,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.4322,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 15.4372,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 39.18076250213619,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -46.98679942681805,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 49.77265992596297,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 28,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4064.88,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7669727880822911,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 51.06801884616703,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 410419,
        "corridor_rank": 26,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5570704.189790852,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2058486.6841095812,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4638418.863094316,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4425843.828810355,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4000406.525091411,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.6770713288623265,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.425720065237726,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.905449006141029,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7998576.582242259,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 77066476.02473226,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.2283776772787025,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.3014,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.0218,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.228440272788775,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.02183045133909811,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 15.777106380435255,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 45,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 697.05,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9449893412374145,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 73.95742327049408,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 410419,
      "num_markets": 57,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 311600,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 151.78912031738767,
      "median_price_across_markets": 13062.43272335845,
      "price_spread_pct": 2384.304803520603,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 114.82982285714284,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 71576424
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 11021647.061603175,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0531522759182839
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 17809490.74568916,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 61.58647293046822
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 16220298.661254339,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.923287628645365
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 17355473.033552166,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.998480089700411
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 16940516.921990335,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.3909236628677557
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 20352375.02373153,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.140224276818213
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 26721449.360202752,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.294010301228603
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 23065952.884935256,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.680008243533987
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 28507789.951101407,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.59250924214062
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 9693159.592428802,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -65.99820747572785
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 11104180.558340238,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.556873354417549
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 18200829.4890696,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 63.909704038441085
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 14543296.898758803,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.095417038587758
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 29580791.939069077,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 103.39811629365587
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 18580858.486269362,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.186068160235635
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410419",
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet blue), excluding full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4104
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 410419,
      "corridor_rank": 20,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8453725.66045982,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3926388.2381582097,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10177667.338806452,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8264383.646855647,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6723275.941012141,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.562711451442116,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 20.490245517067063,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.531526786004152,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15967832.835430862,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21576215.266354024,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.968815334562036,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.4322,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 15.4372,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 39.18076250213619,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -46.98679942681805,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 49.77265992596297,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 28,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4064.88,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7669727880822911,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 51.06801884616703,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 410419,
      "corridor_rank": 26,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5570704.189790852,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2058486.6841095812,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4638418.863094316,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4425843.828810355,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4000406.525091411,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.6770713288623265,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.425720065237726,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.905449006141029,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7998576.582242259,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 77066476.02473226,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.2283776772787025,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.3014,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.0218,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.228440272788775,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.02183045133909811,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 15.777106380435255,
      "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 45,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 697.05,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9449893412374145,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 73.95742327049408,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 410419,
    "num_markets": 57,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 311600,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 151.78912031738767,
    "median_price_across_markets": 13062.43272335845,
    "price_spread_pct": 2384.304803520603,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 114.82982285714284,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 71576424
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 11021647.061603175,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0531522759182839
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 17809490.74568916,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 61.58647293046822
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 16220298.661254339,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.923287628645365
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 17355473.033552166,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.998480089700411
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 16940516.921990335,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.3909236628677557
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 20352375.02373153,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.140224276818213
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 26721449.360202752,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.294010301228603
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 23065952.884935256,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.680008243533987
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 28507789.951101407,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.59250924214062
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 9693159.592428802,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.99820747572785
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 11104180.558340238,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.556873354417549
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 18200829.4890696,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 63.909704038441085
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 14543296.898758803,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.095417038587758
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 29580791.939069077,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 103.39811629365587
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 18580858.486269362,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.186068160235635
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}