{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410411",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410411",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410411",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410411",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 102,
    "current_lane_count": 38,
    "active_market_count": 38,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 16674992.259241287,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 15303423.697791394,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 26213664.85358,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 27116587.425726615,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 29144687.114524823,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -21.113754551547302,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -10.99475108347595,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -10.65955598787155,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 26761560.949096527,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 111664783.7088512,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.454198563675753,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 5421798.7220800165,
    "top_market_share_pct": 32.51455015863803,
    "destination_hhi": 1994.115632438573,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 13.8290946794672,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.03831546694813,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9675611718089381,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.6856359538554,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 36.27450980392157,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 99,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410411,
      "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet blue), full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4104,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.3704119,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet blue), full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4104,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 410411,
        "corridor_rank": 40,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5421798.7220800165,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5295968.810902988,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12377908.677632302,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13320366.079420129,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10780621.446165446,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -29.65367679776265,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -14.631336484195268,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.2935179621198278,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16503744.551781388,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 359375597.54985774,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.94719475988248,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.5436,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.0496,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.5086719184732142,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.461700226223712,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.84885198078674,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 68,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1128.49,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9561502066260229,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 81.22349975313227,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 410411,
        "corridor_rank": 44,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4679582.253774911,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6177965.579697419,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6658676.052394048,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6638992.733819304,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6184128.672348532,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -15.449307561015635,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.615033802976564,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -11.168212347564799,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21820579.365290817,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13854295.304543613,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.281095213450836,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -22.654,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.5646,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 33.77712219141315,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.617098480619632,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.777122191413156,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 24,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2590.39,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.766347755474121,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 80.15284439591404,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 410411,
      "num_markets": 55,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "TUR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 391714.2857142857,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 233.06461316327756,
      "median_price_across_markets": 15964.2089093702,
      "price_spread_pct": 2452.243160457154,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 109.01106432748539,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 106863415
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 28634644.20922475,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 70.64551001329302
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 51214301.98045691,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 78.85433325537198
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 40184367.87612361,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.53682404681072
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 45541172.39157388,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.330568075535501
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 47239744.184616454,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.7297498150417474
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 35691158.759658836,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.446756908388164
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 31921418.38181232,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.562112603940996
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 31576281.796782803,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.0812069216390547
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 29277602.116073202,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.279766805678194
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 27397472.96228802,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.4217320336934485
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 25768501.60164673,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.945699309142601
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 31173440.966246337,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.974985073459635
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 32621384.154607188,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.644797441285486
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 30716186.708341423,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.840332946131869
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 15303423.697791392,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.177983214187435
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410411",
    "hs_description": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet blue), full grains, unsplit: grain splits",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4104
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 410411,
      "corridor_rank": 40,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5421798.7220800165,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5295968.810902988,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12377908.677632302,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13320366.079420129,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10780621.446165446,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -29.65367679776265,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -14.631336484195268,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.2935179621198278,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16503744.551781388,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 359375597.54985774,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.94719475988248,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.5436,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.0496,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.5086719184732142,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.461700226223712,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 20.84885198078674,
      "peer_top_exporter": "BRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 68,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1128.49,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9561502066260229,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 81.22349975313227,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 410411,
      "corridor_rank": 44,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4679582.253774911,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6177965.579697419,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6658676.052394048,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6638992.733819304,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6184128.672348532,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -15.449307561015635,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.615033802976564,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -11.168212347564799,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21820579.365290817,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13854295.304543613,
      "historical_peak_year": 2011,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.281095213450836,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -22.654,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.5646,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 33.77712219141315,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.617098480619632,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 33.777122191413156,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 24,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2590.39,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.766347755474121,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 80.15284439591404,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 410411,
    "num_markets": 55,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "TUR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 391714.2857142857,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HKG",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 233.06461316327756,
    "median_price_across_markets": 15964.2089093702,
    "price_spread_pct": 2452.243160457154,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 109.01106432748539,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 106863415
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 28634644.20922475,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 70.64551001329302
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 51214301.98045691,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 78.85433325537198
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 40184367.87612361,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.53682404681072
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 45541172.39157388,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.330568075535501
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 47239744.184616454,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.7297498150417474
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 35691158.759658836,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.446756908388164
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 31921418.38181232,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.562112603940996
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 31576281.796782803,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.0812069216390547
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 29277602.116073202,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.279766805678194
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 27397472.96228802,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.4217320336934485
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 25768501.60164673,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.945699309142601
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 31173440.966246337,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.974985073459635
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 32621384.154607188,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.644797441285486
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 30716186.708341423,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.840332946131869
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 15303423.697791392,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.177983214187435
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}