{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410390",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410390",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/410390",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410390",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 92,
    "current_lane_count": 18,
    "active_market_count": 18,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 5378194.182176157,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 4139577.9367005904,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4923459.554299989,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5419019.918604745,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5776644.20230637,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.04967288005401,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -8.650174082372608,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -15.97357499700025,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 12319290.50392739,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 61928079.14410449,
    "historical_peak_year": 2013,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.9239021169462411,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2472858.3720059628,
    "top_market_share_pct": 45.97934340491552,
    "destination_hhi": 2344.365074222376,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 38.547401400022466,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 8.713832035062927,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7853277361099725,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.77890390675643,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 54.34782608695652,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 79,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410390,
      "hs_description": "Hides and skins: raw, of animals n.e.c. in this chapter, fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4103,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.6253152,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Hides and skins: raw, of animals n.e.c. in this chapter, fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4103,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 410390,
      "num_markets": 32,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 119250,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 182.39583333333334,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2000,
      "price_spread_pct": 5953.380208333334,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 139.34117391304343,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 48255241
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 17955061.69173612,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 91.31987975327975
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 30740238.582567208,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 71.20653278911043
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 20276757.94821726,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.03838459563481
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 40125007.3105717,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 97.88670068973971
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 23593762.292373143,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.19935702502186
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 8927607.190049384,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -62.1611548026179
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 3965162.4028930096,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -55.585384543883855
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 5553227.963742379,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 40.05045441999314
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 5717795.928673409,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.9634649613794304
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 6507548.944681795,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.812193122317638
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 5805233.357568336,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.792321242353733
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 6519487.572555419,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.30362624537571
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 5867414.513071631,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.001906625741098
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 4763386.213127746,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.81626562235022
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 4139577.936700591,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.095899608307192
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410390",
    "hs_description": "Hides and skins: raw, of animals n.e.c. in this chapter, fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4103
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 410390,
    "num_markets": 32,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 119250,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 182.39583333333334,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2000,
    "price_spread_pct": 5953.380208333334,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 139.34117391304343,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 48255241
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 17955061.69173612,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 91.31987975327975
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 30740238.582567208,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 71.20653278911043
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 20276757.94821726,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.03838459563481
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 40125007.3105717,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 97.88670068973971
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 23593762.292373143,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.19935702502186
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 8927607.190049384,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -62.1611548026179
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 3965162.4028930096,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.585384543883855
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 5553227.963742379,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.05045441999314
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 5717795.928673409,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.9634649613794304
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 6507548.944681795,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.812193122317638
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 5805233.357568336,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.792321242353733
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 6519487.572555419,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.30362624537571
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 5867414.513071631,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.001906625741098
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 4763386.213127746,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.81626562235022
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 4139577.936700591,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.095899608307192
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}