{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/401693",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/401693",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/401693",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "401693",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 189,
    "current_lane_count": 164,
    "active_market_count": 164,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 193317996.22532117,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 190142931.77902704,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 176123469.04509673,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 165420217.12676492,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 161230997.5245286,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.869517014505021,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.096631288693419,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.36431904346618804,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 133492761.81112921,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 335105828.5849903,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.505197971038833,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 32071001.801165536,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.589765271405607,
    "destination_hhi": 642.6176743136728,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 3.790322984425426,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.17654062384190308,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7152684736533382,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 64.32113988697228,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 8.994708994708995,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 401693,
      "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), gaskets, washers and other seals, of non-cellular rubber",
      "hs_chapter": 40,
      "hs_heading": 4016,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.2571054,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), gaskets, washers and other seals, of non-cellular rubber",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4016,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 401693,
        "corridor_rank": 83,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 32071001.801165536,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7464270.060146574,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24806623.909839425,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19159911.151611358,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 13488444.998964166,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 40.17012302665957,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 26.119053833530547,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.023166891385184,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 32071001.801165536,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 2231156123.064695,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 28.146956135274383,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.3851,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6822,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.4374163004385865,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2637820795370982,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.322349097053298,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
        "supplier_count_latest": 133,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1242.11,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9405150622992469,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 41.278229698953574,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 401693,
      "num_markets": 174,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NZL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 4714031.25,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 29.69080763529716,
      "median_price_across_markets": 22509.684657286132,
      "price_spread_pct": 20942.103947540178,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 95.92161835106386,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 778803628
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 137342265.25704414,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.975707096177484
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 159627869.2310634,
        "active_destinations": 150,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.2263262021421
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 160758977.3628053,
        "active_destinations": 151,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7085906346996449
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 178666037.38599354,
        "active_destinations": 151,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.139073112399243
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 183352469.08831376,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.623012056956052
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 142289653.97940728,
        "active_destinations": 153,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.39556157224592
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 143693559.58519086,
        "active_destinations": 159,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9866533275755667
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 157903605.7207398,
        "active_destinations": 160,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.889132245432554
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 178070332.9667353,
        "active_destinations": 155,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.771543217107611
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 163251737.35938853,
        "active_destinations": 168,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.321765540874788
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 138491986.75274855,
        "active_destinations": 158,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.16660772322008
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 160238691.7457859,
        "active_destinations": 164,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.702500558290064
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 157350847.98970184,
        "active_destinations": 159,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.802213762869168
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 180876627.36656117,
        "active_destinations": 167,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.951161482395717
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 190142931.7790271,
        "active_destinations": 164,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.122997120953063
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "401693",
    "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), gaskets, washers and other seals, of non-cellular rubber",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4016
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 401693,
      "corridor_rank": 83,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 32071001.801165536,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7464270.060146574,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24806623.909839425,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19159911.151611358,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 13488444.998964166,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 40.17012302665957,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 26.119053833530547,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.023166891385184,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 32071001.801165536,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 2231156123.064695,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 28.146956135274383,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.3851,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6822,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.4374163004385865,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2637820795370982,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 29.322349097053298,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
      "supplier_count_latest": 133,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1242.11,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9405150622992469,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 41.278229698953574,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 401693,
    "num_markets": 174,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NZL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 4714031.25,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 29.69080763529716,
    "median_price_across_markets": 22509.684657286132,
    "price_spread_pct": 20942.103947540178,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 95.92161835106386,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 778803628
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 137342265.25704414,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.975707096177484
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 159627869.2310634,
      "active_destinations": 150,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.2263262021421
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 160758977.3628053,
      "active_destinations": 151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7085906346996449
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 178666037.38599354,
      "active_destinations": 151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.139073112399243
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 183352469.08831376,
      "active_destinations": 154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.623012056956052
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 142289653.97940728,
      "active_destinations": 153,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.39556157224592
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 143693559.58519086,
      "active_destinations": 159,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9866533275755667
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 157903605.7207398,
      "active_destinations": 160,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.889132245432554
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 178070332.9667353,
      "active_destinations": 155,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.771543217107611
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 163251737.35938853,
      "active_destinations": 168,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.321765540874788
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 138491986.75274855,
      "active_destinations": 158,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.16660772322008
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 160238691.7457859,
      "active_destinations": 164,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.702500558290064
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 157350847.98970184,
      "active_destinations": 159,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.802213762869168
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 180876627.36656117,
      "active_destinations": 167,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.951161482395717
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 190142931.7790271,
      "active_destinations": 164,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.122997120953063
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}