{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/401590",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/401590",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/401590",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "401590",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 166,
    "current_lane_count": 115,
    "active_market_count": 115,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 9203885.048656804,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 8925005.062091691,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8294411.831013203,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11651474.054956565,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8197944.728415216,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -29.751336129477103,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.0040278131617,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.95736518127503,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4557184.571878971,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 34469986.97660319,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -33.70870131075213,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2598276.0299541615,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.230209484562703,
    "destination_hhi": 1295.256777511509,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 27.539752314122467,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.07786302144635691,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4197930105407244,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 88.3457109419475,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 22.289156626506024,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 401590,
      "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), articles of apparel and clothing accessories (other than gloves)",
      "hs_chapter": 40,
      "hs_heading": 4015,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.6486349,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), articles of apparel and clothing accessories (other than gloves)",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4015,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 401590,
        "corridor_rank": 24,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1741951.7083508018,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 387752.6394585045,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1137757.5916505537,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1086631.3697403553,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 784800.9361843591,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.498810529768434,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.448339413615178,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.10803025544074,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1741951.7083508018,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18729352.58751835,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.3907802743276925,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 171.9964,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.8976,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.30065094461234,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.09930529612870309,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.04040450825761,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 49,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3048.24,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0977297608806635,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.44234868003036,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401590,
        "corridor_rank": 44,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 690522.876727297,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 790866.9709464144,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 608317.4234109255,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3604175.3303556005,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1928489.305895419,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -64.706433977262,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.33188336304292,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.6878061058615677,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15706935.036692116,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17302580.372738633,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -67.39424008312356,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 30.7686,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.5162,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.990866459521042,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.6443231856922456,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.220862548447077,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 82,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1357.94,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 3.513967629374113,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.68218870405697,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401590,
        "corridor_rank": 54,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "POL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 483027.51261522894,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 54747.69038279588,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 209544.4515878435,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 149014.70181919527,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 104528.5677182858,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 102.30798007543297,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 72.04076162180726,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 36.138506431382034,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 483027.51261522894,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 34222934.50508475,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 66.16947364405092,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 615.5181,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 50.7449,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.4114146539463526,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.16192330487397943,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 70.10913605183,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 51,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5171.28,
        "distance_km": 2293.0048828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08183472355387879,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04607734616949498,
        "volatility_cv": 1.7562235154053758,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.83465211383199,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401590,
        "corridor_rank": 80,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 195205.05988074982,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 107891.75466045942,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 206453.78509216002,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 320136.84602794435,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 238924.72211913782,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -27.893558047613897,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.088268779260296,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.293222133415629,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 520677.5737559195,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11781490.024046337,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.186780181029526,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -19.6035,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.0625,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.6568792188622246,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7645941074319847,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.853672434446356,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 63,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1510.63,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2195675363369196,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.5592177706628,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401590,
        "corridor_rank": 97,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 144186.82698069877,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 304165.58029296703,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 291186.90055421554,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 529745.6346618186,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 599898.0471920787,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -51.78535178097887,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.9891924229338755,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -22.825345362664372,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1923882.9160741481,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11123881.535393663,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 39.285714285714285,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -28.9600064183145,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.1119,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.1904,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.2961916802325615,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.096761007735272,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 43.236347590414766,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 70,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2376.04,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5930636087783456,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.50542609552744,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 401590,
      "num_markets": 146,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 840000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 46.875,
      "median_price_across_markets": 25333.333333333332,
      "price_spread_pct": 3315.6044407894738,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.670748603351955,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 33351470
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 3268353.228735239,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.141835706926685
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2483418.3841004563,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.016218251248514
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2976919.550021044,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.8718495876539
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4338118.597593206,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.725086778463314
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6054187.04146327,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.557896015617025
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 4094166.651962664,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.37462562813186
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 5141683.870421918,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.585602822422842
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 4145259.7159306966,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.37933524507909
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 5497694.833041294,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.62606470501806
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4843271.938012762,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.903587137929744
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 7629053.5786935855,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 57.51858818449609
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 25745081.203049645,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 237.46100925218937
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 8235911.202589795,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -68.00976801108631
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 7722319.22835812,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.236006697961671
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 8925005.062091695,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.574153284379108
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "401590",
    "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), articles of apparel and clothing accessories (other than gloves)",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4015
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 401590,
      "corridor_rank": 24,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1741951.7083508018,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 387752.6394585045,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1137757.5916505537,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1086631.3697403553,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 784800.9361843591,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.498810529768434,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.448339413615178,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.10803025544074,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1741951.7083508018,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18729352.58751835,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.3907802743276925,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 171.9964,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.8976,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.30065094461234,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.09930529612870309,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 51.04040450825761,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 49,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3048.24,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0977297608806635,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.44234868003036,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
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