{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/401220",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/401220",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/401220",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "401220",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 158,
    "current_lane_count": 85,
    "active_market_count": 85,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 30875170.38980212,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 30190115.794418313,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 33514328.661747426,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 28264203.199157797,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22791019.34248102,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.575473719044611,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.687187742432048,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.8264509682892855,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 17218756.850428067,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 63688909.24572852,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.7490227507553255,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "GBR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 18585298.265340734,
    "top_market_share_pct": 60.19496582755489,
    "destination_hhi": 3736.4542215876095,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 31.51671119496834,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7491176002074478,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.5624353473537713,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.53543844764759,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 32.91139240506329,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 401220,
      "hs_description": "Rubber: used pneumatic tyres",
      "hs_chapter": 40,
      "hs_heading": 4012,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.6720448,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rubber: used pneumatic tyres",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4012,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 401220,
        "corridor_rank": 3,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 18585298.265340734,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2784451.953950356,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19775190.49317697,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13608083.833160508,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7556794.879058461,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 41.609725833571055,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 66.71717804093542,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 48.731745795619496,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 20841981.27850361,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 41837828.153461315,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.122019962048441,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.6049,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.2228,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 44.422234818618676,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.0999058959586137,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.42223481861867,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 47,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2878.01,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 2.0848419462986043,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.88040288872553,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401220,
        "corridor_rank": 45,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1603935.7735995299,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1466510.3669577234,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1669697.096580581,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1976424.7755020435,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2370569.0680966657,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.132648519252065,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -10.242863629446042,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.483818357533476,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3439883.036808322,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 44273803.87432968,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.648830161718589,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.977,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.11,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.62276478016723,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.15806774032919035,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.52022155971478,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 66,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1564.01,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7076481683920942,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 56.93146188472905,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401220,
        "corridor_rank": 46,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DOM",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1602207.764918786,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 828513.2525594628,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1415436.736862747,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1316639.878181452,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1188157.8465415803,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.079334268483752,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.726436382078752,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.2289478548332298,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1602207.764918786,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13783816.80453514,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.850386413650522,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.9497,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6631,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.623832408971284,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.8490931951125216,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.80979441175429,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 33,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1419.37,
        "distance_km": 6688.10546875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09511208548282828,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05651332354747474,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5727523310091909,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 53.721281816154054,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401220,
        "corridor_rank": 55,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1318641.494324698,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2041603.0566251501,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2316920.454704897,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2908450.303220148,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2750291.3666145145,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -33.450389238351896,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.701421017621154,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.330925414200861,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4473940.23907136,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 45009762.57114649,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -27.119463824151033,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.5809,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.0172,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 37.931,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.9296788496503057,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.6982565080287024,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.62284596254749,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 51,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1691.67,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6018260271868034,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 70.52617102908813,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401220,
        "corridor_rank": 57,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1228768.6580771152,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 705000.0945654112,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1332351.311102476,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1302618.8548982334,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1182451.6562313796,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.181590860291534,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.397694295883396,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.31234776292089483,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1695797.730136613,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23531827.01225758,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.869243097370639,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.3704,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.4483,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.22173079649556,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.582547614320915,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.33829638448962,
        "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 57,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2657.01,
        "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7511216197125651,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.86230025707798,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 401220,
        "corridor_rank": 66,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 883404.8387810764,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2580441.235591547,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 921749.0172086082,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1100430.8956489365,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1938379.624880327,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -13.393334489344234,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.698188981472956,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -16.249187873083915,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5780170.080526394,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35713657.86557459,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.8558533837396816,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.3643,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.5461,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.4735770334872793,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.889399751003618,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.554370010820136,
        "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 44,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1748.39,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6293469624099443,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 84.99797917257001,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 401220,
      "num_markets": 116,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 172000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 20,
      "median_price_across_markets": 817.1555896991496,
      "price_spread_pct": 21046.175559212355,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 285.96329048843194,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 83496478
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 19965871.629347086,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.508216522782215
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 18920804.199506536,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.234269002834038
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 18039684.187051512,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.656884576174642
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 21102690.460953023,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.97926771966479
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 20738850.844643425,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7241385262358941
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 17693606.82096898,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.683764527198912
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 15136102.439111803,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.454398177460567
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 17257906.85035536,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.018168942625541
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 19129634.124536756,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.845621606439803
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 17371927.194048345,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.188398058454638
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 15838230.17284229,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.828594571427299
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 24939799.837704428,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 57.465825193452105
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 35062415.432587914,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 40.58819902628063
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 35290454.75823605,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6503811070477216
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 30190115.794418313,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.452460300550324
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "401220",
    "hs_description": "Rubber: used pneumatic tyres",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4012
  },
  "destinations": [
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