{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/400932",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/400932",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/400932",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "400932",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 156,
    "current_lane_count": 116,
    "active_market_count": 116,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 53089505.21231897,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 52379360.489811905,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 47486732.69425886,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 41928096.30597241,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 38023759.112521276,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.86874097278341,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.677297685784469,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.7371124393179134,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 22127944.136812918,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 93131447.01395881,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.131628533465497,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 8619436.73513226,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.235669744257088,
    "destination_hhi": 823.7001116039241,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 11.11473083766449,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.4450246669692979,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.515464264899337,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 93.34543933942223,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 19.871794871794872,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 400932,
      "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), tubing, piping and hoses, reinforced or otherwise combined only with textile materials, with fittings",
      "hs_chapter": 40,
      "hs_heading": 4009,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.2940452,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), tubing, piping and hoses, reinforced or otherwise combined only with textile materials, with fittings",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4009,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 400932,
        "corridor_rank": 36,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8619436.73513226,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5369214.220215759,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8277486.761329508,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7629987.4567395765,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8630329.647138536,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.094743321805794,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.820980801274045,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.238544485266639,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16414795.668788904,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 262118545.30771822,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.333287807072434,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.4074,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.7303,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.2883734819348005,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.0013828035492866597,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.893861196169016,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 68,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1155,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7819461565955165,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 72.49984341352553,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 400932,
        "corridor_rank": 47,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ZAF",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7649691.099425376,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 672457.3065488207,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5370063.241872751,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3245875.679214905,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1649675.746842681,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 397.0457960460054,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 166.46330287666746,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 64.3918158950321,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7649691.099425376,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23227311.30625723,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 70.83333333333333,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 332.6539801509733,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.4432,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.5351,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 66.6667,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 32.93403613772815,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.168936007611297,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.93403613772817,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 63,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2170.73,
        "distance_km": 8582.7822265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0982419857610707,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.029297414191717164,
        "volatility_cv": 2.9447301291904453,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.44761019656983,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 400932,
        "corridor_rank": 68,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SVK",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5454246.2285516625,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 909649.5952577593,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4765515.469562793,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4140007.754239282,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2638724.129837672,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.375930764773747,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.538680085256765,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 30.572917865460237,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5454246.2285516625,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 41245865.89511835,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.196987100686492,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 30.1848,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.7794,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 13.223740392360629,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.44783425414178,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 17.976297196018525,
        "peer_top_exporter": "KOR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1117.67,
        "distance_km": 1865.66357421875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.02287628029761905,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.02287628029761905,
        "volatility_cv": 1.7506311213670829,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9926859310286,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 400932,
        "corridor_rank": 75,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5126544.212850837,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2644939.9469628367,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4352739.644090624,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4687197.459845054,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5128825.727840148,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.11190981711864,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.997532624283853,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.10382492971382,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8714242.408004085,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 73519032.49845596,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.21573474683246,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.2245,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.336,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.97308443627642,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.17189049132786494,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 13.98510913873832,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 53,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 858.97,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8197751535687089,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.54075080840582,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 400932,
      "num_markets": 133,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2507000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 337.27810650887574,
      "median_price_across_markets": 24670.778802832014,
      "price_spread_pct": 10160.452338885005,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 18.10883166332665,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 179961959
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 9029731.218821984,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 78.6843207698945
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 10492766.929634714,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.202428127241618
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 12503595.688049592,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.163951433398328
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 28606927.699914083,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 128.78960911424363
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 36292646.69644765,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.866635512756055
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 30483179.382315956,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.007284788905537
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 31674600.237521213,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.908453381002735
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 33125462.737258404,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.580523475773892
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 40762436.39671479,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.054692760160528
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 34551430.8415403,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.237081254728588
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 31703304.07463792,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.243151434059136
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 35476979.372447535,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.903097825152201
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 39363360.00850017,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.954654834765655
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 50717477.5844645,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.844381103423338
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 52379360.48981192,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2767459749545607
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "400932",
    "hs_description": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), tubing, piping and hoses, reinforced or otherwise combined only with textile materials, with fittings",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4009
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 400932,
      "corridor_rank": 36,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8619436.73513226,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5369214.220215759,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8277486.761329508,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7629987.4567395765,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8630329.647138536,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.094743321805794,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.820980801274045,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.238544485266639,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16414795.668788904,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 262118545.30771822,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.333287807072434,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.4074,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.7303,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.2883734819348005,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.0013828035492866597,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.893861196169016,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 68,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1155,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7819461565955165,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 72.49984341352553,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 400932,
      "corridor_rank": 47,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7649691.099425376,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 672457.3065488207,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5370063.241872751,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3245875.679214905,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1649675.746842681,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 397.0457960460054,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 166.46330287666746,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 64.3918158950321,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7649691.099425376,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23227311.30625723,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 70.83333333333333,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 332.6539801509733,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.4432,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.5351,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 66.6667,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 32.93403613772815,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.168936007611297,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 32.93403613772817,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 63,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2170.73,
      "distance_km": 8582.7822265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0982419857610707,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.029297414191717164,
      "volatility_cv": 2.9447301291904453,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.44761019656983,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
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