{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/400610",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/400610",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/400610",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "400610",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 84,
    "current_lane_count": 18,
    "active_market_count": 18,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 3805502.599223494,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1753524.902142917,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1813011.6740977764,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1894387.4890664076,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2059818.0484128757,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.181840737664813,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.429974042780183,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.144170466384068,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 2954535.871437324,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 8986317.044329176,
    "historical_peak_year": 2017,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.326011204048882,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "HKG",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1588634.8276856954,
    "top_market_share_pct": 41.74572967076289,
    "destination_hhi": 3496.947546565224,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 56.61654859379522,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 25.382614218633478,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9197710448558655,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 49.243265002820245,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 79,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 400610,
      "hs_description": "Rubber: unvulcanised, \"\"camel-back\"\" strips for retreading rubber tyres",
      "hs_chapter": 40,
      "hs_heading": 4006,
      "substitution_elasticity": -10.629474,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rubber: unvulcanised, \"\"camel-back\"\" strips for retreading rubber tyres",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4006,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 400610,
        "corridor_rank": 8,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "HKG",
        "latest_data_year": 2017,
        "lane_data_years": 2,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1588634.8276856954,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 850823.6612558509,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 850823.6612558509,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 850823.6612558509,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 850823.6612558509,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1588634.8276856954,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 424391.11633219,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -10.0404,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.4258,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 79.07033564084146,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 64.29684302802568,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 62.65153331142789,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MYS",
        "supplier_count_latest": 5,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5226.49,
        "distance_km": 10551.060546875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8671728350159007,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Not monitored",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 400610,
        "corridor_rank": 9,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1582455.9584334844,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 705347.323804624,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1659704.0145936124,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1682620.6689785782,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1485542.0787358694,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.263184536790466,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.5273147052954905,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.722824286528194,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2066938.7577981025,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 3209231.4003918185,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.98600882331866,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.7182,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.7553,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 49.30950003294498,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.616598107503634,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 49.30950003294498,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 11,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3572.83,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.023790988379773,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.78786380596948,
        "attention_level": "Not monitored",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No detailed risk classification is available",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 400610,
      "num_markets": 40,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 382284.064665127,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JOR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 172.07166930325332,
      "median_price_across_markets": 8653.846153846154,
      "price_spread_pct": 4415.516363507297,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 54.464951219512194,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 15681788
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 758969.3587298912,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 363.33215056631633
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1216486.3409853508,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 60.28135088629906
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2671355.3190029883,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 119.59599783415548
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1445560.8551603605,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -45.886612504252064
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1061842.1183648254,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.544626981682345
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 978619.125081957,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.837605218657831
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1337832.5398531111,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.70615110256208
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 4466734.851801868,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 233.87847273413593
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2143660.587592846,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -52.008331393834595
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 2199395.9344669404,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.6000080048437506
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1840031.426080277,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.339236731096406
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2192870.9969584304,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.175736124778542
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1795670.935571327,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.11324341185734
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1889839.1845790856,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.244181834340211
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1753524.902142917,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.213009633225968
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "400610",
    "hs_description": "Rubber: unvulcanised, \"\"camel-back\"\" strips for retreading rubber tyres",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4006
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 400610,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "latest_data_year": 2017,
      "lane_data_years": 2,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1588634.8276856954,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 850823.6612558509,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 850823.6612558509,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 850823.6612558509,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 850823.6612558509,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1588634.8276856954,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 424391.11633219,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -10.0404,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.4258,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 79.07033564084146,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 64.29684302802568,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 62.65153331142789,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MYS",
      "supplier_count_latest": 5,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5226.49,
      "distance_km": 10551.060546875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8671728350159007,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Not monitored",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 400610,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1582455.9584334844,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 705347.323804624,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1659704.0145936124,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1682620.6689785782,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1485542.0787358694,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.263184536790466,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.5273147052954905,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.722824286528194,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2066938.7577981025,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 3209231.4003918185,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.98600882331866,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.7182,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.7553,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 49.30950003294498,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.616598107503634,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 49.30950003294498,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 11,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3572.83,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.023790988379773,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 95.78786380596948,
      "attention_level": "Not monitored",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No detailed risk classification is available",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 400610,
    "num_markets": 40,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 382284.064665127,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JOR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 172.07166930325332,
    "median_price_across_markets": 8653.846153846154,
    "price_spread_pct": 4415.516363507297,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 54.464951219512194,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 15681788
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 758969.3587298912,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 363.33215056631633
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1216486.3409853508,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 60.28135088629906
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 2671355.3190029883,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 119.59599783415548
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1445560.8551603605,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.886612504252064
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1061842.1183648254,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.544626981682345
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 978619.125081957,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.837605218657831
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1337832.5398531111,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.70615110256208
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 4466734.851801868,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 233.87847273413593
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2143660.587592846,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.008331393834595
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 2199395.9344669404,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.6000080048437506
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1840031.426080277,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.339236731096406
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2192870.9969584304,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.175736124778542
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1795670.935571327,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.11324341185734
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1889839.1845790856,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.244181834340211
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1753524.902142917,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.213009633225968
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}