{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/400280",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/400280",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/400280",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "400280",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 66,
    "current_lane_count": 20,
    "active_market_count": 20,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 7950194.591005699,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 7683269.483391085,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5397857.554139443,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3672964.3311878694,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3406478.129834024,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 63.559811798890294,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 31.437498102455706,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.927545832059415,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4572526.333001409,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 24440584.537387326,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 53.63226596683088,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4412981.887047147,
    "top_market_share_pct": 55.507847468786366,
    "destination_hhi": 3675.2039151132694,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 84.2708770243162,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 6.305446188768778,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.420280524165625,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 88.46313854967704,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 65.15151515151516,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 80,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 400280,
      "hs_description": "Rubber: mixtures of natural and synthetic rubbers of heading no. 4001 and 4002, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip",
      "hs_chapter": 40,
      "hs_heading": 4002,
      "substitution_elasticity": -71.699867,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rubber: mixtures of natural and synthetic rubbers of heading no. 4001 and 4002, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4002,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 400280,
        "corridor_rank": 29,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 194375.8324794126,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1757097.3605746091,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 247761.09553276902,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 213362.80667132707,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 130213.01682737525,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.508603449015192,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.662736405157994,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 35.257444605061124,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14316543.49108051,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40168970.55674739,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -40.766048054076315,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 15.6336,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.793,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4838954789862353,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.06490162930404136,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 73.48485934788073,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ROU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5781.78,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.999274211893949,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99978265174703,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 400280,
      "num_markets": 35,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 696000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MAR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 211.55539897833364,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5111.111111111111,
      "price_spread_pct": 13613.252176976512,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 56.115755813953484,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 13940285
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1107734.3657278218,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -79.19952552601859
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 3936040.616138235,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 255.32350876846843
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 4752241.557240793,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.736598544131795
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4302611.857965556,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.461423495827027
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2981815.3272333913,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.69755242474252
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 4031321.1608200055,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.19687567507321
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 4853942.300427983,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.40574558045504
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2798925.733419755,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.33706212014577
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2057152.8730231076,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.502055825909395
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1958617.5747100443,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.789887013513969
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 415282.3593447397,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -78.7971697636677
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1755966.6341762778,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 322.8367987860018
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2961529.3910690956,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 68.65522006107742
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 5548773.787958146,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 87.36176668349962
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 7683269.483391085,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.467880958946004
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "400280",
    "hs_description": "Rubber: mixtures of natural and synthetic rubbers of heading no. 4001 and 4002, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip",
    "hs_chapter": 40,
    "hs_heading": 4002
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 400280,
      "corridor_rank": 29,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 194375.8324794126,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1757097.3605746091,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 247761.09553276902,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 213362.80667132707,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 130213.01682737525,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.508603449015192,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.662736405157994,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 35.257444605061124,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14316543.49108051,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40168970.55674739,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -40.766048054076315,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 15.6336,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.793,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4838954789862353,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.06490162930404136,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 73.48485934788073,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ROU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 14,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5781.78,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.999274211893949,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99978265174703,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 400280,
    "num_markets": 35,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 696000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MAR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 211.55539897833364,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5111.111111111111,
    "price_spread_pct": 13613.252176976512,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 56.115755813953484,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 13940285
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1107734.3657278218,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -79.19952552601859
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 3936040.616138235,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 255.32350876846843
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 4752241.557240793,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.736598544131795
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 4302611.857965556,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.461423495827027
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2981815.3272333913,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.69755242474252
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 4031321.1608200055,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.19687567507321
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 4853942.300427983,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.40574558045504
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2798925.733419755,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.33706212014577
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2057152.8730231076,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.502055825909395
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1958617.5747100443,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.789887013513969
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 415282.3593447397,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -78.7971697636677
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1755966.6341762778,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 322.8367987860018
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2961529.3910690956,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.65522006107742
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 5548773.787958146,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 87.36176668349962
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 7683269.483391085,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.467880958946004
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}