{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/382410",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/382410",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/382410",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "382410",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 142,
    "current_lane_count": 79,
    "active_market_count": 79,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 16387360.789115742,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 16026031.803251391,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18301202.702652186,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16800313.392231226,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18071331.13217764,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.4479626777271095,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.3603234429424136,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.3244625235806837,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 12431796.716500618,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 46867083.67295865,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.8764998458535742,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4554197.82885187,
    "top_market_share_pct": 27.790916960080025,
    "destination_hhi": 1227.2101421034963,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 26.772751431743547,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9439453908718456,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.118577807423382,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.28232691504773,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 28.169014084507044,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 382410,
      "hs_description": "Binders, prepared: for foundry moulds or cores",
      "hs_chapter": 38,
      "hs_heading": 3824,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.9331903,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Binders, prepared: for foundry moulds or cores",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3824,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 382410,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2208754.5068889717,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 939394.3658667074,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2407546.894431009,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2175236.3991048196,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2153992.1054599183,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.224592133844396,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.764082413517919,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.808271568301155,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2724910.5380818355,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18623391.418695286,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.03286370214555,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -20.5317,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1662,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.860108920181371,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.6275993574695686,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 46.30665423634857,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 27,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3071.34,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0224744617061614,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.52394860974609,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 382410,
        "corridor_rank": 43,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "RUS",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 17,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1592025.852,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1746681.696122465,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2835967.811,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2604724.9213793227,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2652689.6073896126,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.520197683671071,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -14.0576013157243,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.9033011949774017,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4084901.8179999995,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16331899.916035116,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.75,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.616896488693669,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -20.5754,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 26.8849,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.747952535742058,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -10.117562644406565,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 72.79598247064372,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5468.87,
        "distance_km": 3449.299560546875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.11425769714942528,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7437939845086843,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.72023013538593,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 382410,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "EGY",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1153761.7941699743,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 179713.2033696388,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 866375.3195587713,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 585794.747644096,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 395073.04590727726,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 88.11024982931505,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 84.51326699465457,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 53.12547214211656,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1153761.7941699743,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 29966540.12328415,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.42857142857143,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 34.984777687198495,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 44.3183,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.7666,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.850166850838731,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.428217264126547,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 22.15537305054808,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 78,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1026.88,
        "distance_km": 3355.6572265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.3194917933945455,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.27049160856886867,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5506870106563768,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.12155503258867,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 382410,
        "corridor_rank": 56,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SAU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 15,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 863983.635274409,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 97369.44429631768,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 393480.00669298274,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 253753.36187001542,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 163183.13724541976,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 134.72018755905052,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 113.67925102997268,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 22.186090849854878,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 863983.635274409,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11345363.164210573,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 71.42857142857143,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 112.53409670919564,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 137.1435,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 45.0091,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.615301711979409,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.7771730436416044,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 30.70212364649947,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ARE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1637.81,
        "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 2.179099762115929,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.88458593288561,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 382410,
      "num_markets": 118,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NAM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 504333.3333333333,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARG",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 109.33333333333333,
      "median_price_across_markets": 3228.049902265149,
      "price_spread_pct": 15620.080707122337,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 243.69796505376348,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 91311684
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 6793067.682815758,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.130172012571855
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 9848093.137150807,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44.97269270646701
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 9514418.945351511,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.3882111709580434
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 19314659.662691504,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 103.00409067153939
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 20275328.689441707,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.973781798526051
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 19234940.948915478,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.131299011039001
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 20000675.176611118,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.980954398192808
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 19924044.35493632,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.38314117397601716
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 19493057.193613417,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.1631509830288187
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 18059026.686543938,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.35662186195871
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 12854611.050997388,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.818915470258656
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 16243347.802202178,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.362032563730185
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 20357431.311915483,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.327805325670248
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 18520144.992789682,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.025138245464262
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 16026031.803251393,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.467028419644148
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "382410",
    "hs_description": "Binders, prepared: for foundry moulds or cores",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3824
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 382410,
      "corridor_rank": 30,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2208754.5068889717,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 939394.3658667074,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2407546.894431009,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2175236.3991048196,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2153992.1054599183,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.224592133844396,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.764082413517919,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.808271568301155,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2724910.5380818355,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18623391.418695286,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.03286370214555,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -20.5317,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1662,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 11.860108920181371,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.6275993574695686,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 46.30665423634857,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 27,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3071.34,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0224744617061614,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.52394860974609,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 382410,
      "corridor_rank": 43,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 17,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1592025.852,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1746681.696122465,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2835967.811,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2604724.9213793227,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2652689.6073896126,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.520197683671071,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -14.0576013157243,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.9033011949774017,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4084901.8179999995,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16331899.916035116,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.75,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.616896488693669,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -20.5754,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 26.8849,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.747952535742058,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -10.117562644406565,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 72.79598247064372,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 15,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5468.87,
      "distance_km": 3449.299560546875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7437939845086843,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.72023013538593,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
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