{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/382200",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/382200",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/382200",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "382200",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 196,
    "current_lane_count": 171,
    "active_market_count": 171,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 619274447.6655282,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 619156008.507171,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 619066669.8653752,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 679414068.0764999,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 540392849.1463023,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.18828183553463,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.211961676690158,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.6406815829022525,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 281889244.3430413,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 1087237248.483282,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 89.65517241379311,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.82896341843688,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 85389817.5446469,
    "top_market_share_pct": 13.788687368991232,
    "destination_hhi": 728.8332546351734,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 5.255084280152943,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.2335630218309738,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9980706413266729,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 59.07544714060649,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 9.693877551020408,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 382200,
      "hs_description": "Reagents: diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing and prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not on a backing, other than those of heading no. 3002 or 3006: certified reference material",
      "hs_chapter": 38,
      "hs_heading": 3822,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.927516,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Reagents: diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing and prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not on a backing, other than those of heading no. 3002 or 3006: certified reference material",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3822,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 382200,
        "corridor_rank": 93,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 85389817.5446469,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18449545.68089909,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 80551433.85724072,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 62752111.65204992,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 49235778.333316006,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 35.98488515853511,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.622769104228773,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.68545838960427,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 85389817.5446469,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 4638995563.708257,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.299426768930836,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.9161,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.9644,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 93.1034,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.8406962535741078,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2997848661462845,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.838638288772614,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 81,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2122.54,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.430974300297163,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.26481171578294,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 382200,
        "corridor_rank": 96,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 81783821.14200793,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 29397327.01052567,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 92726463.96991432,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 91914580.15273674,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 69378263.76896486,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.068011399414541,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.502607153279614,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.315612211286453,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 107616185.37760866,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 6163428857.889275,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.383623610700994,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.9174,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.1476,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 82.7586,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.3269208265026617,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.07147789457057074,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 19.73039818579922,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 98,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 919.64,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0984195723182992,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 24.00416270559947,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 382200,
      "num_markets": 181,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KWT",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5729992.647058823,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 842.5837726063154,
      "median_price_across_markets": 94778.57573201592,
      "price_spread_pct": 6044.773324601593,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 35.0004768683274,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 2700455905
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 240424687.5310976,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.156816066347732
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 274801943.58284986,
        "active_destinations": 159,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.298554946569606
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 293418010.902852,
        "active_destinations": 165,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.774357952963165
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 312529785.58192307,
        "active_destinations": 163,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.513497457181932
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 325514973.15409726,
        "active_destinations": 164,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.154864006960514
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 311104452.95933336,
        "active_destinations": 165,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.426991500615864
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 346615502.2950157,
        "active_destinations": 168,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.414510142136805
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 394060216.7144,
        "active_destinations": 168,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.687995518158495
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 474820096.9935577,
        "active_destinations": 169,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.49429931103383
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 480257882.11821693,
        "active_destinations": 171,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1452306166251045
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 655998535.456459,
        "active_destinations": 167,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.592976374093745
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 883871795.3299142,
        "active_destinations": 181,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.73685497100929
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 657200414.0387444,
        "active_destinations": 173,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.6452782506271
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 580843587.0502105,
        "active_destinations": 175,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.618499525782777
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 619156008.5071709,
        "active_destinations": 171,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.595996290761932
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "382200",
    "hs_description": "Reagents: diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing and prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not on a backing, other than those of heading no. 3002 or 3006: certified reference material",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3822
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 382200,
      "corridor_rank": 93,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 85389817.5446469,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18449545.68089909,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 80551433.85724072,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 62752111.65204992,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 49235778.333316006,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 35.98488515853511,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.622769104228773,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.68545838960427,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 85389817.5446469,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 4638995563.708257,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.299426768930836,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.9161,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.9644,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 93.1034,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.8406962535741078,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2997848661462845,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 31.838638288772614,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 81,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2122.54,
      "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.430974300297163,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.26481171578294,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 382200,
      "corridor_rank": 96,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 81783821.14200793,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 29397327.01052567,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 92726463.96991432,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 91914580.15273674,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 69378263.76896486,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.068011399414541,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.502607153279614,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.315612211286453,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 107616185.37760866,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 6163428857.889275,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.383623610700994,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.9174,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.1476,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 82.7586,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.3269208265026617,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.07147789457057074,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 19.73039818579922,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 98,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 919.64,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0984195723182992,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 24.00416270559947,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 382200,
    "num_markets": 181,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KWT",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5729992.647058823,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 842.5837726063154,
    "median_price_across_markets": 94778.57573201592,
    "price_spread_pct": 6044.773324601593,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 35.0004768683274,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 2700455905
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 240424687.5310976,
      "active_destinations": 154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.156816066347732
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 274801943.58284986,
      "active_destinations": 159,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.298554946569606
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 293418010.902852,
      "active_destinations": 165,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.774357952963165
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 312529785.58192307,
      "active_destinations": 163,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.513497457181932
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 325514973.15409726,
      "active_destinations": 164,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.154864006960514
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 311104452.95933336,
      "active_destinations": 165,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.426991500615864
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 346615502.2950157,
      "active_destinations": 168,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.414510142136805
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 394060216.7144,
      "active_destinations": 168,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.687995518158495
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 474820096.9935577,
      "active_destinations": 169,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.49429931103383
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 480257882.11821693,
      "active_destinations": 171,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1452306166251045
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 655998535.456459,
      "active_destinations": 167,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.592976374093745
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 883871795.3299142,
      "active_destinations": 181,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.73685497100929
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 657200414.0387444,
      "active_destinations": 173,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.6452782506271
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 580843587.0502105,
      "active_destinations": 175,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.618499525782777
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 619156008.5071709,
      "active_destinations": 171,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.595996290761932
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}