{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/382100",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/382100",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/382100",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "382100",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 168,
    "current_lane_count": 135,
    "active_market_count": 135,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 79877176.12828377,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 79525466.39156193,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 74264131.35877503,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 68642662.75953099,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 56341905.054607354,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.73785766758408,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.034457440147325,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.92097507956058,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 29634265.3204,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 114420700.18157348,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.183117411976501,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 25373035.32466041,
    "top_market_share_pct": 31.765063006122034,
    "destination_hhi": 1182.1105201808673,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.271274417520152,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3648508561959113,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.18523310745109,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.13754149631663,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 12.5,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 382100,
      "hs_description": "Prepared culture media for the development or maintenance of micro-organisms (including viruses and the like) or of plant, human or animal cells",
      "hs_chapter": 38,
      "hs_heading": 3821,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.1393766,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Prepared culture media for the development or maintenance of micro-organisms (including viruses and the like) or of plant, human or animal cells",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3821,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 382100,
        "corridor_rank": 34,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 25373035.32466041,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9180037.058317048,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24720179.883340374,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 23727855.0454929,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22523686.13486918,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.681336928833767,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.51835952818542,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.015659302827132,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27915423.401640113,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 174707783.44831833,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.334322373993365,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.1821,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.9993,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.523128176579615,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.401718724355238,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 19.515748362587765,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 65,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1173.33,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.098469132212027,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 90.46215288246674,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 382100,
      "num_markets": 159,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "HRV",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1516461.5384615385,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 718.9093020098949,
      "median_price_across_markets": 51620.813728203706,
      "price_spread_pct": 2936.301308887316,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 33.362338301043216,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 290774007
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 22832010.096658602,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 52.56393090120866
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 13119797.435027542,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.537703077892445
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 21603623.83606093,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 64.66430936184328
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 23663960.0492618,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.536993556431687
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 25786439.065263618,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.969246954370293
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 34557434.726896316,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.01398556595558
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 37772502.28841548,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.303548098773804
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 44452361.13265075,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.684448843845672
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 51818960.45994253,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.57189660929154
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 51604478.14051352,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.4139070284800693
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 55024980.84197885,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.6283059624237755
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 65395938.879350945,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.847726757334986
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 67219716.92312254,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.7888246197310282
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 76047210.76164064,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.132298442455323
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 79525466.39156193,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.573810919671194
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "382100",
    "hs_description": "Prepared culture media for the development or maintenance of micro-organisms (including viruses and the like) or of plant, human or animal cells",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3821
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 382100,
      "corridor_rank": 34,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 25373035.32466041,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9180037.058317048,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24720179.883340374,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 23727855.0454929,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22523686.13486918,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.681336928833767,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.51835952818542,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.015659302827132,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27915423.401640113,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 174707783.44831833,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.334322373993365,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.1821,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.9993,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 14.523128176579615,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.401718724355238,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 19.515748362587765,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 65,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1173.33,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.098469132212027,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 90.46215288246674,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 382100,
    "num_markets": 159,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "HRV",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1516461.5384615385,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 718.9093020098949,
    "median_price_across_markets": 51620.813728203706,
    "price_spread_pct": 2936.301308887316,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 33.362338301043216,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 290774007
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 22832010.096658602,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 52.56393090120866
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 13119797.435027542,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.537703077892445
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 21603623.83606093,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 64.66430936184328
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 23663960.0492618,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.536993556431687
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 25786439.065263618,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.969246954370293
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 34557434.726896316,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.01398556595558
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 37772502.28841548,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.303548098773804
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 44452361.13265075,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.684448843845672
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 51818960.45994253,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.57189660929154
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 51604478.14051352,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.4139070284800693
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 55024980.84197885,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.6283059624237755
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 65395938.879350945,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.847726757334986
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 67219716.92312254,
      "active_destinations": 140,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.7888246197310282
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 76047210.76164064,
      "active_destinations": 140,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.132298442455323
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 79525466.39156193,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.573810919671194
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}