{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/381600",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/381600",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/381600",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "381600",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 178,
    "current_lane_count": 136,
    "active_market_count": 136,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 146397449.7958647,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 145741257.56320846,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 150276680.42640424,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 143072369.93100628,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 124315247.39973673,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.1458611953249487,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.71940233906225,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.734987187587934,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 79560216.76742356,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 243037265.86889756,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.8808483829128826,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 21296902.549991895,
    "top_market_share_pct": 14.547317989273791,
    "destination_hhi": 531.202931312731,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 27.229823915586653,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.0129886913055914,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8265845599079122,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 65.24970393049011,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 11.797752808988765,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 381600,
      "hs_description": "Refractory cements, mortars, concretes and similar compositions: other than products of heading no. 3801",
      "hs_chapter": 38,
      "hs_heading": 3816,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.7756147,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Refractory cements, mortars, concretes and similar compositions: other than products of heading no. 3801",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3816,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 381600,
        "corridor_rank": 17,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 21296902.549991895,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9457920.11732063,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17760464.282541208,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16877028.492180564,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14572688.82075474,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.34799487557316,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.210863994449679,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.399120703483252,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21296902.549991895,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25352649.416225184,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.9488741720899085,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 13.8704,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.9885,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 84.00267049155937,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 12.184557511136788,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 84.00267049155939,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7101.43,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.548403961075383,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 15.716458713265563,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 381600,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16063550.9009855,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7994232.15279527,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 15836528.745225625,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 15007718.434720585,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12302941.682029773,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.3775671290988667,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.381984913089148,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.538294952994738,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16746128.468016589,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 89694434.77111205,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.9158620820936045,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1.4722,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.2593,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 17.909194636186164,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.023739458341964337,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.843109433974067,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 52,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1393.23,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5599575700709148,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 36.44934379897361,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 381600,
        "corridor_rank": 39,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MAR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11959109.692370826,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3126148.3011063538,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11185668.312093439,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9849982.657124165,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7334716.802343644,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.176149146197441,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.079024255111783,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.098053813376719,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11959109.692370826,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18515799.97188911,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.921904667179278,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 6.7122,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.8799,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 64.58867405419846,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.2614607986860804,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 64.58867405419846,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 27,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4385.41,
        "distance_km": 762.6525268554688,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.4768519003587878,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.4695611095118484,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1332251341562747,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 62.93685060079945,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 381600,
        "corridor_rank": 72,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7067608.9040336525,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3905438.4754455485,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6671211.572167911,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6427107.170347432,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5766674.483065284,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5216397990448263,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.72423033442158,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.5481716110346313,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7466976.598783928,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 87207306.01138866,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.0698114100794576,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.8833,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.5156,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.104377061149755,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.9073485127177365,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 54.34427641912218,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 47,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3207.65,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5426065233231073,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 43.125922109179974,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 381600,
        "corridor_rank": 83,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6382689.005106717,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2899923.517821859,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6409596.280897086,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6009720.489278691,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4447508.216477233,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.918809967441449,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.849771543616789,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.910491728314307,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6975870.5051762005,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 96297154.4165283,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -11.829301695755756,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.4755,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.0014,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.628117978957855,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.30132228256342586,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.442903090909187,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 41,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1671.95,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5902559975671327,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 48.73606947353558,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 381600,
        "corridor_rank": 90,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6158573.644753064,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1803066.5611173331,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5783430.486322466,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4845157.7364114085,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4102345.8991906955,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.947230505583532,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.941715432509014,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.869782524354488,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6864865.794810246,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 137825316.1330686,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.077447981229044,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 6.838,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.0458,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.4683907264228875,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.1143461900922134,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.96642429919362,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CAN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 50,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2099.02,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0225741386735197,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 88.06881641556859,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 381600,
      "num_markets": 162,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 51900,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GIB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 51.84926457682452,
      "median_price_across_markets": 975.5495129285758,
      "price_spread_pct": 5314.763633039628,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1964.022199710564,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 646086373
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 75185902.80161747,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.163851299476076
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 89206255.90461159,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.647582300085773
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 86486119.10302427,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.0492668636333766
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 99153181.96289155,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.646353647546578
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 111275307.11378811,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.225654195780944
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 93073909.7816221,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.357085686183364
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 85653234.03890304,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.972884947167335
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 102700915.85913941,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.903138523051496
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 124944729.65248697,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.658827097371073
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 121417835.01018418,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.822763834947063
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 113663527.48890287,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.386464987315008
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 150868280.88691583,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.73235858498701
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 157883857.17126754,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.650133376683911
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 147204926.54473668,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.763788786175069
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 145741257.56320846,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.9943070628708901
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
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