{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/381190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/381190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/381190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "381190",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 164,
    "current_lane_count": 109,
    "active_market_count": 109,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 29125098.49169721,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 25007236.138992436,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28976277.211763322,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 28831106.175726283,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 33080818.56956492,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.205875093532052,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.24455946618926,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.357719265543822,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 23847284.086685173,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 116894025.95698164,
    "historical_peak_year": 2019,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.563594359075874,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 6419510.030246748,
    "top_market_share_pct": 22.041161618995996,
    "destination_hhi": 835.8968472729098,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 15.600128503005159,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7919982606733765,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.133422249543257,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.49671661097739,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 25.609756097560975,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 381190,
      "hs_description": "Oxidation and gum inhibitors, viscosity improvers, anti-corrosive preparations, other prepared additives for mineral oils or liquids used as mineral oils (including gasoline), n.e.c. in heading no. 3811",
      "hs_chapter": 38,
      "hs_heading": 3811,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.414164,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Oxidation and gum inhibitors, viscosity improvers, anti-corrosive preparations, other prepared additives for mineral oils or liquids used as mineral oils (including gasoline), n.e.c. in heading no. 3811",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3811,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 381190,
        "corridor_rank": 87,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6419510.030246748,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2789773.885626598,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6244811.3394851135,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5536629.191572766,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4510042.749859587,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.476728983796476,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.221986069467423,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.04746794150273,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7061066.820599844,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12077055.936167529,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.5707389577062534,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.9248,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.8783,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 53.154593836251465,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.46415653885186,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 53.15459383625147,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 23,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3264.36,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6796355487712105,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 86.68097179130484,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 381190,
      "num_markets": 137,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "HRV",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 889857.1428571428,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "IRN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 11.578947368421053,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4989.742537696174,
      "price_spread_pct": 17833.496561941396,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 173.34588152610448,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 191061062
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 26627751.25327768,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.51123238441308
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 37024890.816146225,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.046254653549575
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 31875493.681481004,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.907933342019781
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 26989569.32516243,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.328152734328299
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 21852312.34514945,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.034231032443724
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 33102562.023023807,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.4831085158435
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 21583193.193406336,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.79902498666239
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 26625092.93932538,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.36030494069499
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 44668095.63276837,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 67.76690971393154
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 60673711.02849384,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.832320964191275
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 28778873.97454332,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -52.567803276400774
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 28447825.26879812,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.1503184802783832
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 31183493.347962048,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.616440108567588
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 30738102.148335494,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.428291547251109
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 25007236.138992433,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.644176474159433
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "381190",
    "hs_description": "Oxidation and gum inhibitors, viscosity improvers, anti-corrosive preparations, other prepared additives for mineral oils or liquids used as mineral oils (including gasoline), n.e.c. in heading no. 3811",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3811
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 381190,
      "corridor_rank": 87,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6419510.030246748,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2789773.885626598,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6244811.3394851135,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5536629.191572766,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4510042.749859587,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.476728983796476,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.221986069467423,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.04746794150273,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7061066.820599844,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12077055.936167529,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.5707389577062534,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.9248,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.8783,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 53.154593836251465,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.46415653885186,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 53.15459383625147,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 23,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3264.36,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6796355487712105,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 86.68097179130484,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 381190,
    "num_markets": 137,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "HRV",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 889857.1428571428,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "IRN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 11.578947368421053,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4989.742537696174,
    "price_spread_pct": 17833.496561941396,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 173.34588152610448,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 191061062
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 26627751.25327768,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.51123238441308
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 37024890.816146225,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.046254653549575
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 31875493.681481004,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.907933342019781
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 26989569.32516243,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.328152734328299
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 21852312.34514945,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.034231032443724
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 33102562.023023807,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.4831085158435
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 21583193.193406336,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.79902498666239
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 26625092.93932538,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.36030494069499
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 44668095.63276837,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 67.76690971393154
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 60673711.02849384,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.832320964191275
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 28778873.97454332,
      "active_destinations": 99,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.567803276400774
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 28447825.26879812,
      "active_destinations": 101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.1503184802783832
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 31183493.347962048,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.616440108567588
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 30738102.148335494,
      "active_destinations": 107,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.428291547251109
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 25007236.138992433,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.644176474159433
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}