{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/381119",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/381119",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/381119",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "381119",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 142,
    "current_lane_count": 35,
    "active_market_count": 35,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 3179993.6225633565,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 2572577.9319442636,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2045190.6426953634,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1538626.2685714096,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1412817.5473296724,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 34.1121278773936,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 27.675077109324086,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.019884311721926,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4826109.375479705,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 25349303.77688085,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 42.13201218911552,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "SAU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1350068.57283041,
    "top_market_share_pct": 42.45507170992799,
    "destination_hhi": 2194.990325577741,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 43.003786712479496,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 26.40392611739409,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.536132828402015,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.01060579195115,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 52.11267605633803,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 87.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 381119,
      "hs_description": "Anti-knock preparations: other than those based on lead compounds",
      "hs_chapter": 38,
      "hs_heading": 3811,
      "substitution_elasticity": -13.477777,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Anti-knock preparations: other than those based on lead compounds",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3811,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 381119,
        "corridor_rank": 65,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BEL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 12,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 72431.05984883803,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 13565.127089402866,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 72431.05984883803,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 72431.05984883803,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22399.66193631854,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 73.23352949654304,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.052618772932135,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 30.199956798539553,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 72431.05984883803,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 72235127.02892616,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45.45454545454545,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 43.03357269800349,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 196.3897,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 44.6782,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.10027124313055254,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.06537449959532565,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.58913867139527,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 38,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2112.82,
        "distance_km": 1316.64013671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5116711375028649,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.94215131216487,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 381119,
      "num_markets": 66,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IND",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1027300,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5.115089514066496,
      "median_price_across_markets": 11380.95238095238,
      "price_spread_pct": 9026.440411347367,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.565170542635656,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 6857042
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 890889.8871338343,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.77089329216216
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 726466.988967725,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.456029251279272
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 844054.2332179167,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.18617859254384
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 2424598.8350146837,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 187.25628515255656
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 5935113.452610428,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 144.78744140675482
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3317785.222062701,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.09904294915464
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1224042.6574044633,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -63.10663362821709
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 757079.0074943753,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.14929545840069
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 377842.7613724033,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.092030338694805
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 758294.4821057376,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 100.69048811507058
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 491050.76991688285,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.24273464930606
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1066508.6448540755,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 117.18907905074599
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1229888.0467837872,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.319088384142072
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2333105.9493580395,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 89.7006768591025
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 2572577.931944263,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.264085205908243
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "381119",
    "hs_description": "Anti-knock preparations: other than those based on lead compounds",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3811
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 381119,
      "corridor_rank": 65,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "BEL",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 12,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 72431.05984883803,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 13565.127089402866,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 72431.05984883803,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 72431.05984883803,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22399.66193631854,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 73.23352949654304,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.052618772932135,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 30.199956798539553,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 72431.05984883803,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 72235127.02892616,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45.45454545454545,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 43.03357269800349,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 196.3897,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 44.6782,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.10027124313055254,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.06537449959532565,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 32.58913867139527,
      "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 38,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2112.82,
      "distance_km": 1316.64013671875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5116711375028649,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.94215131216487,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 381119,
    "num_markets": 66,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IND",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1027300,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5.115089514066496,
    "median_price_across_markets": 11380.95238095238,
    "price_spread_pct": 9026.440411347367,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.565170542635656,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 6857042
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 890889.8871338343,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.77089329216216
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 726466.988967725,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.456029251279272
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 844054.2332179167,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.18617859254384
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 2424598.8350146837,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 187.25628515255656
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 5935113.452610428,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 144.78744140675482
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3317785.222062701,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.09904294915464
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1224042.6574044633,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -63.10663362821709
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 757079.0074943753,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.14929545840069
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 377842.7613724033,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.092030338694805
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 758294.4821057376,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 100.69048811507058
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 491050.76991688285,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.24273464930606
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1066508.6448540755,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 117.18907905074599
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1229888.0467837872,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.319088384142072
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2333105.9493580395,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 89.7006768591025
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 2572577.931944263,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.264085205908243
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}