{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/381090",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/381090",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/381090",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "381090",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 149,
    "current_lane_count": 92,
    "active_market_count": 92,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 9494180.163201371,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 9113201.270516615,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7381543.786151762,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6663897.050922042,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5714915.900064993,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.216748886833198,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.062309090211443,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.592792812321616,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4029285.0304685826,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 20612629.644067083,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.623956074511582,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2104886.984165744,
    "top_market_share_pct": 22.170286933505913,
    "destination_hhi": 1294.168813644364,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.479712617751789,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.730856552695697,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2738344880180177,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 85.5475946184751,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 32.88590604026846,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 381090,
      "hs_description": "Fluxes and other auxiliary preparations: for soldering, brazing or welding, or preparations used as cores or coatings for welding electrodes or rods",
      "hs_chapter": 38,
      "hs_heading": 3810,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.122183,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Fluxes and other auxiliary preparations: for soldering, brazing or welding, or preparations used as cores or coatings for welding electrodes or rods",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3810,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 381090,
        "corridor_rank": 74,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2104886.984165744,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 269237.460227586,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1530064.4072054431,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1170870.6782386403,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 644237.5931428097,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 40.201166366360866,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.87605470652134,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 43.12933014475402,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2104886.984165744,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 29574636.982832618,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.928163778393156,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 124.0261,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.5661,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.117203113558357,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.37221062078711,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 70.30862154904413,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 42,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5099.45,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.783385912556285,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 93.7958093112402,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 381090,
      "num_markets": 124,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 384000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 74.07407407407408,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10439.080459770115,
      "price_spread_pct": 3677.7753309354275,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 25.42107179487179,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 27491402
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2462096.7980274563,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.79420416780357
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 4165853.0684605925,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 69.19940238735231
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 4238070.46542052,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.733556027376018
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3779960.7403793186,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.809393774337485
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 3646288.415774344,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.536341612679305
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3747462.8011828484,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.774722508806767
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 4489074.72618789,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.78970744608752
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 5010225.226575987,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.609307756626643
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 5650245.014230482,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.774271788413943
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4932665.977862518,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.699963179662085
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 5058655.284510709,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.5541828133837328
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 6116198.611644216,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.905621507194592
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 6025423.490293335,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.4841755004172055
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 7006006.597645334,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.274094408993335
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 9113201.270516615,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.07697243076382
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "381090",
    "hs_description": "Fluxes and other auxiliary preparations: for soldering, brazing or welding, or preparations used as cores or coatings for welding electrodes or rods",
    "hs_chapter": 38,
    "hs_heading": 3810
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 381090,
      "corridor_rank": 74,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2104886.984165744,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 269237.460227586,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1530064.4072054431,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1170870.6782386403,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 644237.5931428097,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 40.201166366360866,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.87605470652134,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 43.12933014475402,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2104886.984165744,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 29574636.982832618,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.928163778393156,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 124.0261,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.5661,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.117203113558357,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.37221062078711,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 70.30862154904413,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 42,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5099.45,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.783385912556285,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 93.7958093112402,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 381090,
    "num_markets": 124,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 384000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 74.07407407407408,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10439.080459770115,
    "price_spread_pct": 3677.7753309354275,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 25.42107179487179,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 27491402
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2462096.7980274563,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.79420416780357
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 4165853.0684605925,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 69.19940238735231
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 4238070.46542052,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.733556027376018
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3779960.7403793186,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.809393774337485
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 3646288.415774344,
      "active_destinations": 84,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.536341612679305
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3747462.8011828484,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.774722508806767
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 4489074.72618789,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.78970744608752
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 5010225.226575987,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.609307756626643
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 5650245.014230482,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.774271788413943
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4932665.977862518,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.699963179662085
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 5058655.284510709,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.5541828133837328
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 6116198.611644216,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.905621507194592
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 6025423.490293335,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.4841755004172055
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 7006006.597645334,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.274094408993335
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 9113201.270516615,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.07697243076382
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}