{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/340319",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/340319",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/340319",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "340319",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 165,
    "current_lane_count": 138,
    "active_market_count": 138,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 115693931.8264691,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 112444421.94826758,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 110532077.23157926,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 101684930.51748195,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 86503362.91009733,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.24602966618426,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.959210898347301,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.668453150234941,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 49951147.37290853,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 152762913.43260747,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.5775765159493185,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 20477816.422746833,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.699991779570418,
    "destination_hhi": 586.9131373964807,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 13.967024984017273,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.0141315833741961,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9169625036828917,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 69.71934999600298,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 10.909090909090908,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 340319,
      "hs_description": "Lubricating preparations: (other than for the treatment of textile and similar materials), containing less than 70% (by weight) of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals",
      "hs_chapter": 34,
      "hs_heading": 3403,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.2775488,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Lubricating preparations: (other than for the treatment of textile and similar materials), containing less than 70% (by weight) of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals",
    "hs_chapter": 34,
    "hs_heading": 3403,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 340319,
        "corridor_rank": 43,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 20477816.422746833,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8932011.722880928,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19704133.488686517,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19140443.969373446,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 17473510.404200323,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.1625831464588527,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.4845614123816695,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.1029302960259963,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 20477816.422746833,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 37365424.06364131,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.0596528504328564,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.1403,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.5257,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 54.804185783811086,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.9468667358018834,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 54.80418578381108,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 35,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3467.01,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7580857583210219,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 24.025687873979578,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 340319,
        "corridor_rank": 88,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10439488.422981426,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4465555.246761389,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9680386.54871955,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8812153.547302883,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7541533.9701517,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.997229998390897,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.446115758086382,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.94252903576773,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10614009.54559891,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 360323753.1099821,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.0547009626231674,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.6922,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.1308,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.8972523551049285,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.17815222594279456,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.900701266557256,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 83,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1833.91,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7074755322395985,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 76.89910403813177,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 340319,
      "num_markets": 156,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MDG",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 508000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 89.14475132239383,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4453.0120481927715,
      "price_spread_pct": 11406.006760184046,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 218.1191387195121,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 473215579
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 51297104.250542596,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.58401182117759
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 61650230.14734137,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.182671221035374
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 51386144.46280453,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.648900839471512
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 64280829.493138514,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.093700189294605
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 71249177.71492389,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.840476510231081
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 60777698.22070023,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.696982940801433
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 57844938.36184874,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.825388168209073
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 69420895.02230768,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.012047705964513
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 88241142.02616933,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.110349121563416
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 80324302.88253757,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.97182307690883
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 80374307.77517793,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.06225375240850458
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 96454113.11749402,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.006150954723413
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 105145529.60142335,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.010934011017268
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 114006280.14504679,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.427130071256482
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 112444421.94826764,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.36997557923304
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "340319",
    "hs_description": "Lubricating preparations: (other than for the treatment of textile and similar materials), containing less than 70% (by weight) of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals",
    "hs_chapter": 34,
    "hs_heading": 3403
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 340319,
      "corridor_rank": 43,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 20477816.422746833,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8932011.722880928,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19704133.488686517,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19140443.969373446,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 17473510.404200323,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.1625831464588527,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.4845614123816695,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.1029302960259963,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 20477816.422746833,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 37365424.06364131,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.0596528504328564,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.1403,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.5257,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 54.804185783811086,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.9468667358018834,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 54.80418578381108,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 35,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3467.01,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7580857583210219,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 24.025687873979578,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 340319,
      "corridor_rank": 88,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10439488.422981426,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4465555.246761389,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9680386.54871955,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8812153.547302883,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7541533.9701517,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.997229998390897,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.446115758086382,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.94252903576773,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10614009.54559891,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 360323753.1099821,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.0547009626231674,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.6922,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.1308,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.8972523551049285,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.17815222594279456,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 34.900701266557256,
      "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 83,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1833.91,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7074755322395985,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 76.89910403813177,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 340319,
    "num_markets": 156,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MDG",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 508000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 89.14475132239383,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4453.0120481927715,
    "price_spread_pct": 11406.006760184046,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 218.1191387195121,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 473215579
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 51297104.250542596,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.58401182117759
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 61650230.14734137,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.182671221035374
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 51386144.46280453,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.648900839471512
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 64280829.493138514,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.093700189294605
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 71249177.71492389,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.840476510231081
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 60777698.22070023,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.696982940801433
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 57844938.36184874,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.825388168209073
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 69420895.02230768,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.012047705964513
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 88241142.02616933,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.110349121563416
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 80324302.88253757,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.97182307690883
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 80374307.77517793,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.06225375240850458
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 96454113.11749402,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.006150954723413
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 105145529.60142335,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.010934011017268
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 114006280.14504679,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.427130071256482
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 112444421.94826764,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.36997557923304
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}