{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/321590",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/321590",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/321590",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "321590",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 173,
    "current_lane_count": 122,
    "active_market_count": 122,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 87761493.35036585,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 87638187.82288444,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 79309365.4897818,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 75520121.99040648,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 76729419.04269345,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.65881527415013,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.080265819346,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.497206726425061,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 73904432.37956725,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 322537349.22797,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.161608547725069,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 29684499.50386696,
    "top_market_share_pct": 33.82405924356712,
    "destination_hhi": 1653.393534218708,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 23.527786201549084,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.6125779589455111,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0810595487787293,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 93.07543542775086,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 17.341040462427745,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
      "hs_chapter": 32,
      "hs_heading": 3215,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.7772033,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 321590,
        "corridor_rank": 37,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 29684499.50386696,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 22337860.192933876,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24480088.637561012,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 21635733.39903892,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16075122.069810802,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.54786674293551,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.31697107723433,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.120990320624188,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 81085948.94411954,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 50356847.6832799,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.426876422311322,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.0053,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.1402,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 58.94828780897492,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.4831643873566307,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 58.94828780897493,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3903.09,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7763555635463868,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 91.80696074428087,
        "attention_level": "Critical attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 321590,
        "corridor_rank": 77,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 14966698.68537784,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11282668.016504956,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12656560.929001858,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11251284.019664895,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10235448.30644625,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.556562355982409,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 19.755918077741264,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.048595640590154,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 56004473.24703203,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 259567239.1824306,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.492033284607745,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.9091,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.9992,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.766019907796935,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9195000942244205,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.40020044849801,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 52,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3188.94,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.167860965808464,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 90.62928797127898,
        "attention_level": "Critical attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "num_markets": 146,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2550750,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JAM",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 333.3333333333333,
      "median_price_across_markets": 25500,
      "price_spread_pct": 10001.633986928104,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 31.858287375415287,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 334413711
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 158752378.9266669,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.164068905583015
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 168249344.59633106,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.982250933103273
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 104574362.13213825,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.84560505538002
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 108380094.78417921,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6392597329277554
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 68481472.16278075,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -36.8136074256531
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 94174004.22544728,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.51749378517342
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 65812993.86993398,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.115540470827423
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 54008764.23211331,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.936016801103644
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 116273888.49436447,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 115.28707451008233
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 59423929.65304291,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -48.89314323058607
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 63224545.55596858,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.395766697214802
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 76447967.92671847,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.915013709420897
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 71723190.45322892,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.180383339971354
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 78566718.193232,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.541582989766443
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 87638187.8228845,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.546198999099783
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "321590",
    "hs_description": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "corridor_rank": 37,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 29684499.50386696,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 22337860.192933876,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24480088.637561012,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 21635733.39903892,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16075122.069810802,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.54786674293551,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.31697107723433,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.120990320624188,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 81085948.94411954,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 50356847.6832799,
      "historical_peak_year": 2005,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.426876422311322,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.0053,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.1402,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 58.94828780897492,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.4831643873566307,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 58.94828780897493,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 43,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3903.09,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7763555635463868,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 91.80696074428087,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 321590,
      "corridor_rank": 77,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 14966698.68537784,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11282668.016504956,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12656560.929001858,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11251284.019664895,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10235448.30644625,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.556562355982409,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 19.755918077741264,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.048595640590154,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 56004473.24703203,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 259567239.1824306,
      "historical_peak_year": 2011,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.492033284607745,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.9091,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.9992,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.766019907796935,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9195000942244205,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.40020044849801,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 52,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3188.94,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.167860965808464,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 90.62928797127898,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 321590,
    "num_markets": 146,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2550750,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JAM",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 333.3333333333333,
    "median_price_across_markets": 25500,
    "price_spread_pct": 10001.633986928104,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 31.858287375415287,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 334413711
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 158752378.9266669,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.164068905583015
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 168249344.59633106,
      "active_destinations": 107,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.982250933103273
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 104574362.13213825,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.84560505538002
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 108380094.78417921,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6392597329277554
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 68481472.16278075,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.8136074256531
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 94174004.22544728,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.51749378517342
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 65812993.86993398,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.115540470827423
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 54008764.23211331,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.936016801103644
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 116273888.49436447,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 115.28707451008233
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 59423929.65304291,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.89314323058607
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 63224545.55596858,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.395766697214802
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 76447967.92671847,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.915013709420897
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 71723190.45322892,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.180383339971354
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 78566718.193232,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.541582989766443
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 87638187.8228845,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.546198999099783
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}