# Spain HS 321511 exports | Yugalinks

Explore reported HS 321511 exports from Spain: destinations, growth, concentration, prices, and history.

## Exporter position

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Exporter | Spain |
| HS6 | 321511 |
| Latest exports | $43.8M |
| Active destinations | 117 |
| Three-year growth | -3.3% |
| Destination HHI | 570 |
| Weighted share | 12% |

## Destination markets

- Italy: $5.3M; share 13.5%; growth +6.4%
- Portugal: $4.3M; share 36.3%; growth -18%
- France: $3.3M; share 6.3%; growth -10%

## Price intelligence

- Highest reported market price: Uzbekistan at $728.7K / ton.
- Lowest reported market price: Seychelles at $3.9 / ton.
- Median reported price: $8.4K / ton.
- Price spread: 8,636.2%.

## Export history

- 2010: $15.1M
- 2011: $16.2M
- 2012: $21.5M
- 2013: $26.3M
- 2014: $29.5M
- 2015: $23.1M
- 2016: $23.3M
- 2017: $30.0M
- 2018: $29.4M
- 2019: $30.6M
- 2020: $37.3M
- 2021: $47.5M
- 2022: $43.2M
- 2023: $43.5M
- 2024: $43.0M

## Methods

Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.

Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed.

## Complete structured values

```json
{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/321511",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/321511",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/321511",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "321511",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 166,
    "current_lane_count": 117,
    "active_market_count": 117,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 43794986.3541891,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 42994435.28402498,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 43214941.67418743,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 42886211.988169685,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 35085122.87507011,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.2813032094512917,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.0283312872718495,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.8379918360249343,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 21161799.723066483,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 80948279.4018087,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.1192950454762265,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 5344060.017028018,
    "top_market_share_pct": 12.202447042244243,
    "destination_hhi": 569.5122544568884,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.02902189963336,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7958583093805276,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.112417880301162,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.69816358225087,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 21.686746987951807,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 321511,
      "hs_description": "Ink: for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solid",
      "hs_chapter": 32,
      "hs_heading": 3215,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.7772033,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ink: for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 321511,
        "corridor_rank": 51,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5344060.017028018,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2028367.3829490126,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5147954.2238388695,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4622859.614338554,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3928550.1445610314,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.356802841401099,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.07211862273256,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.60322401938267,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5344060.017028018,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 39528958.7157354,
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        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.9631,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 13.51935439397419,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.227814096997653,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 36.02504256938421,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 42,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1776.65,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7715116322056079,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 80.2154597750309,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
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        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
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        "corridor_rank": 72,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4271794.20674556,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4296365.16169762,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4866613.194891447,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5674006.960322005,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5015791.611948173,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -18.025417731687565,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.7011606046944303,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.6730918436845488,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14245415.83013843,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11751975.96107105,
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        "trend_acceleration_pct": -16.352325888003016,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
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        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.7204,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
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        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 37,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3205.48,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6501026899018653,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.00692325083442,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
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        "corridor_rank": 99,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
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        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3321708.2660588026,
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        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4222346.363922415,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3253589.1571308663,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.035272062830025,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.624655223069297,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.0685062517477935,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4757590.344296636,
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        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.103778314577818,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.704,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.6598,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.272698020287061,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.289332720212821,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.53355889758735,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 54,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1484.18,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8243699152499154,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 86.72630445345774,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 321511,
      "num_markets": 143,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "UZB",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 728666.6666666666,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SYC",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 3.9215686274509802,
      "median_price_across_markets": 8437.300960485083,
      "price_spread_pct": 8636.206631843868,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 58.70263926174497,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 187107678
    },
    "history": [
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        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 15125905.10165911,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.495810403621995
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 16224024.839035062,
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        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.25986134380483
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      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 21514119.336640015,
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      {
        "year": 2013,
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      {
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        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.289058082494645
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      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 23116268.21438161,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.644717400390743
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      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 23301148.838870846,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7997857732686046
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      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 30034074.461490307,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.89525177139606
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      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 29354790.08941275,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.261712352576527
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      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 30613887.205697183,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.289239038839342
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 37265741.57678668,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.72822525409842
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 47520493.341499455,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.517906073551995
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      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 43155286.103377745,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.185946801418396
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      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 43495103.63515955,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7874296811931232
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      {
        "year": 2024,
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        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.1510912937102415
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    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
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      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
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      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
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    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "321511",
    "hs_description": "Ink: for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215
  },
  "destinations": [
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      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
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      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5344060.017028018,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2028367.3829490126,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5147954.2238388695,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4622859.614338554,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3928550.1445610314,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.356802841401099,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.07211862273256,
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      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
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      "buyer_market_hhi": 1776.65,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7715116322056079,
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      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
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      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
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      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4271794.20674556,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4296365.16169762,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4866613.194891447,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5674006.960322005,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5015791.611948173,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -18.025417731687565,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.7011606046944303,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.6730918436845488,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14245415.83013843,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11751975.96107105,
      "historical_peak_year": 2005,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
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      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.7289,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.7204,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 36.34958257995141,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.0926179910164677,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 42.29014756064847,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 37,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3205.48,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6501026899018653,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 83.00692325083442,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 321511,
      "corridor_rank": 99,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3321708.2660588026,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1798773.2504713826,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4262574.7530924,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4222346.363922415,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3253589.1571308663,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.035272062830025,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.624655223069297,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.0685062517477935,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4757590.344296636,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 52955016.41105287,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.103778314577818,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.704,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.6598,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.272698020287061,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.289332720212821,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 28.53355889758735,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 54,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1484.18,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8243699152499154,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 86.72630445345774,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 321511,
    "num_markets": 143,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "UZB",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 728666.6666666666,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SYC",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 3.9215686274509802,
    "median_price_across_markets": 8437.300960485083,
    "price_spread_pct": 8636.206631843868,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 58.70263926174497,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 187107678
  },
  "history": [
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      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 15125905.10165911,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.495810403621995
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    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 16224024.839035062,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.25986134380483
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      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 21514119.336640015,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.60654831393605
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      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 26273141.494675156,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.120459980577504
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    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 29501863.113051787,
      "active_destinations": 114,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.289058082494645
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    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 23116268.21438161,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.644717400390743
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    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 23301148.838870846,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7997857732686046
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    {
      "year": 2017,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.89525177139606
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    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.261712352576527
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    {
      "year": 2019,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.289239038839342
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    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 37265741.57678668,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.72822525409842
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    {
      "year": 2021,
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      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.517906073551995
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    {
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    {
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  "economy": {
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    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
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    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
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    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
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    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
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    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
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    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
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    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
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    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}
```
