{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/320730",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/320730",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/320730",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "320730",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 132,
    "current_lane_count": 61,
    "active_market_count": 61,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 11871563.014537912,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 10271739.963171441,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 15499458.950863117,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19376527.116425112,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 54830538.32088576,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -27.9133607904552,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.644039363154995,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -20.494018383419277,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 29219872.56529489,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 151556363.50226313,
    "historical_peak_year": 2016,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.4193424070359235,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "EGY",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1912508.4346067442,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.10999690828147,
    "destination_hhi": 650.9928172430301,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 22.588079750944065,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.7134915796712007,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1508620065979067,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 88.59035736960939,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 26.515151515151516,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 320730,
      "hs_description": "Lustres: liquid lustres and similar preparations",
      "hs_chapter": 32,
      "hs_heading": 3207,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.814443,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Lustres: liquid lustres and similar preparations",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3207,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 320730,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "TUR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 957717.7608552066,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2102742.5121922446,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2179179.013409119,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2390184.7927401327,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3731216.990378252,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -33.85503546512088,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.63752602650278,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -15.00542796126415,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6305335.807728179,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15867073.21282669,
        "historical_peak_year": 2015,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 59.25925925925926,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -18.849607503856728,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -31.1997,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.3425,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.03588165258482,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.418369094505776,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.08547762949524,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 29,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2164.85,
        "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9428074381592646,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 84.81099516251976,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320730,
        "corridor_rank": 82,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 695803.1715823774,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 237365.02152873084,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 509086.1313370249,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 481976.82652732235,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 385782.08196828543,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.600283854293583,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.097994755524947,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.5574514412705742,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 814062.817387718,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 36119418.99065709,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 29.15773529556416,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.9948,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.0143,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.9263963569357494,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7674336878880261,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.899841678623275,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 28,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2258.54,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1564639295297148,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9571875168057,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 320730,
      "num_markets": 102,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 14902000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CYP",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 177.33333333333334,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10738.148984198646,
      "price_spread_pct": 138774.5940999229,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 54.85275872093024,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 220351866
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 8970064.064810917,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.66258580730529
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 9786848.593702657,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.105671074256232
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 10816919.76460202,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.525054730714462
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 49871024.79915882,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 361.0464520811179
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 101776140.30440155,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 104.07870244149908
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 83028562.20019571,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.420405851640503
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 121996551.1850584,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.933233518971896
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 117428600.52973688,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.744327696929998
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 98310348.26751266,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.28074606695396
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 30658685.444228373,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -68.81438629349283
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 22963486.531179197,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.09957227959958
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 27420772.19835699,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.410317597573048
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 23880789.978689164,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.909856053871218
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 12345846.910728756,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -48.302183798165835
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 10271739.963171441,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.80003779858051
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "320730",
    "hs_description": "Lustres: liquid lustres and similar preparations",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3207
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 320730,
      "corridor_rank": 73,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "TUR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 957717.7608552066,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2102742.5121922446,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2179179.013409119,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2390184.7927401327,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3731216.990378252,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -33.85503546512088,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.63752602650278,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -15.00542796126415,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6305335.807728179,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15867073.21282669,
      "historical_peak_year": 2015,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 59.25925925925926,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -18.849607503856728,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -31.1997,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.3425,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.03588165258482,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.418369094505776,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 31.08547762949524,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
      "supplier_count_latest": 29,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2164.85,
      "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9428074381592646,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 84.81099516251976,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 320730,
      "corridor_rank": 82,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 26,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 695803.1715823774,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 237365.02152873084,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 509086.1313370249,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 481976.82652732235,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 385782.08196828543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.600283854293583,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.097994755524947,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.5574514412705742,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 814062.817387718,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 36119418.99065709,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 29.15773529556416,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.9948,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.0143,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.9263963569357494,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7674336878880261,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 32.899841678623275,
      "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 28,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2258.54,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1564639295297148,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9571875168057,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 320730,
    "num_markets": 102,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 14902000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CYP",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 177.33333333333334,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10738.148984198646,
    "price_spread_pct": 138774.5940999229,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 54.85275872093024,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 220351866
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 8970064.064810917,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.66258580730529
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 9786848.593702657,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.105671074256232
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 10816919.76460202,
      "active_destinations": 67,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.525054730714462
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 49871024.79915882,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 361.0464520811179
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 101776140.30440155,
      "active_destinations": 79,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 104.07870244149908
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 83028562.20019571,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.420405851640503
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 121996551.1850584,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.933233518971896
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 117428600.52973688,
      "active_destinations": 79,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.744327696929998
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 98310348.26751266,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.28074606695396
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 30658685.444228373,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -68.81438629349283
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 22963486.531179197,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.09957227959958
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 27420772.19835699,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.410317597573048
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 23880789.978689164,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.909856053871218
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 12345846.910728756,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.302183798165835
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 10271739.963171441,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.80003779858051
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}