# Spain HS 320413 exports | Yugalinks

Explore reported HS 320413 exports from Spain: destinations, growth, concentration, prices, and history.

## Exporter position

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Exporter | Spain |
| HS6 | 320413 |
| Latest exports | $13.6M |
| Active destinations | 92 |
| Three-year growth | -11.7% |
| Destination HHI | 1,242 |
| Weighted share | 26% |

## Destination markets

- Germany: $3.1M; share 18.7%; growth -7.6%
- Japan: $677.0K; share 5.8%; growth -18.6%
- Turkey: $460.7K; share 3.7%; growth +18.3%
- USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands: $451.0K; share 2.1%; growth -26.5%
- China: $66.8K; share 0.4%; growth -25.1%

## Price intelligence

- Highest reported market price: Zambia at $1.6M / ton.
- Lowest reported market price: United Rep. of Tanzania at $420.0 / ton.
- Median reported price: $10.9K / ton.
- Price spread: 14,572.9%.

## Export history

- 2010: $7.1M
- 2011: $11.1M
- 2012: $14.6M
- 2013: $16.4M
- 2014: $18.9M
- 2015: $18.8M
- 2016: $18.9M
- 2017: $19.0M
- 2018: $20.4M
- 2019: $20.4M
- 2020: $19.8M
- 2021: $19.4M
- 2022: $15.8M
- 2023: $11.4M
- 2024: $13.4M

## Methods

Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.

Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed.

## Complete structured values

```json
{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/320413",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/320413",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/320413",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "320413",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 145,
    "current_lane_count": 92,
    "active_market_count": 92,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 13573654.12671379,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 13357483.59266865,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13534930.576182919,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 15949217.274755549,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 17729339.657960646,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.67507874956325,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -8.085491023863279,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.43204898132089,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 12276790.46020141,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 37977817.58667379,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.24302976824236,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3131283.3289165683,
    "top_market_share_pct": 23.06883098453208,
    "destination_hhi": 1242.217399934174,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 25.987683759839516,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 3.065599183717932,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9135414933856137,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.73897908183102,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 21.379310344827587,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 320413,
      "hs_description": "Dyes: basic dyes and preparations based thereon",
      "hs_chapter": 32,
      "hs_heading": 3204,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.2342267,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Dyes: basic dyes and preparations based thereon",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3204,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 320413,
        "corridor_rank": 8,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3131283.3289165683,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2298447.4126875866,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2676946.4489976405,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3298100.314191323,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3449407.3990788804,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.622989296550742,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.531690343721886,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.040931077557682105,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4631885.043946562,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16735523.263748342,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.58205821899306,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.1961,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.3513,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 18.710399905447822,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.142309999179714,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 18.710399905447822,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 35,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1132.55,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5040605954167501,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.76147409052795,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320413,
        "corridor_rank": 21,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "JPN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 676980.5132546388,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 487830.6128301077,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 768450.7995647494,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 876300.4500372714,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 909660.984419236,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -18.58466415446295,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.22867921886808,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.762984038170659,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1297913.0645544792,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11636653.634568077,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.148148148148145,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.82168011629229,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.9329,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.5879,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.817656299776654,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.1380239406898585,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.81321153839501,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 18,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2798.26,
        "distance_km": 10777.423828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.039966357792484856,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.030413669105984857,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0017579972746016,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 77.66322070571277,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320413,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "TUR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 460676.1757550566,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 204851.877025748,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 351935.97827083775,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 341025.56979596283,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 419198.23866719735,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.297608421641275,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.2718205111928595,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.562195884190707,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 607031.5296734527,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12427819.688602494,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.264587462549432,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.2392,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.3447,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.7068141258723033,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.8622202336134195,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 60.098675694966545,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 27,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3950.1,
        "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9485594278280416,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 88.77434963966621,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320413,
        "corridor_rank": 31,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 451044.6905305262,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 321046.8597105105,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 331738.5799763033,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 677725.6925108028,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 554177.7594728816,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -26.509959022373074,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.8932686595589026,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.293142901405748,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1257005.1834300049,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21378368.225304436,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -35.803101923778826,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 10.8212,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.5797,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.1098181384893935,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7551052781467338,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 37.12708376736606,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 27,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2311.9,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9064291019499494,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.0269921297036,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320413,
        "corridor_rank": 67,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 66845.20888944453,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 104780.64026314624,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 96212.20797059561,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 109345.96389235067,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 104456.36321197727,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -25.137944250226884,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.089106508535112,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.3028486171640985,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 339734.679884882,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18417388.544780552,
        "historical_peak_year": 2003,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.148148148148145,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -23.835095633062785,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.1666,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7835,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.3629461838572566,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.49019591566024107,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 62.98626812727335,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 28,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4375.11,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7216287061169931,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.838304787462,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 320413,
      "num_markets": 118,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ZMB",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1585600,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 420,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10877.583215018141,
      "price_spread_pct": 14572.906211477384,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 44.17777251184834,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 84747331
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 7061112.992023224,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 89.27663666867643
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 11087592.32964853,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 57.02329565004733
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 14577096.66632162,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.47215583803581
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 16439107.558826076,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.773537386264138
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 18940632.736722168,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.216915936248835
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 18848832.469117794,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.4846737111711728
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 18850777.2896223,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.01031798923191455
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 19047851.00953163,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0454408159488557
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 20438606.198887393,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.301375827959935
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 20361243.238669634,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.37851387450270646
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 19755889.913253404,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.9730666164164066
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 19385404.731975585,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8753150726420877
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 15815618.33128941,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.41481490865099
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 11431689.804590695,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.7189828109699
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 13357483.592668649,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.84609905444251
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "320413",
    "hs_description": "Dyes: basic dyes and preparations based thereon",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3204
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 320413,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3131283.3289165683,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2298447.4126875866,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2676946.4489976405,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3298100.314191323,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3449407.3990788804,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.622989296550742,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.531690343721886,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.040931077557682105,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4631885.043946562,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16735523.263748342,
      "historical_peak_year": 2019,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.58205821899306,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.1961,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.3513,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 18.710399905447822,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.142309999179714,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 18.710399905447822,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 35,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1132.55,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5040605954167501,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 95.76147409052795,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 320413,
      "corridor_rank": 21,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 676980.5132546388,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 487830.6128301077,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 768450.7995647494,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 876300.4500372714,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 909660.984419236,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -18.58466415446295,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.22867921886808,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.762984038170659,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1297913.0645544792,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11636653.634568077,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.148148148148145,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.82168011629229,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.9329,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.5879,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.817656299776654,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.1380239406898585,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 40.81321153839501,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 18,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2798.26,
      "distance_km": 10777.423828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.039966357792484856,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.030413669105984857,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0017579972746016,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 77.66322070571277,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 320413,
      "corridor_rank": 30,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "TUR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 460676.1757550566,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 204851.877025748,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 351935.97827083775,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 341025.56979596283,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 419198.23866719735,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.297608421641275,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.2718205111928595,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.562195884190707,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 607031.5296734527,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12427819.688602494,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.264587462549432,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.2392,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.3447,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.7068141258723033,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.8622202336134195,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 60.098675694966545,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 27,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3950.1,
      "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9485594278280416,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 88.77434963966621,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 320413,
      "corridor_rank": 31,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 451044.6905305262,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 321046.8597105105,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 331738.5799763033,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 677725.6925108028,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 554177.7594728816,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -26.509959022373074,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.8932686595589026,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.293142901405748,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1257005.1834300049,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21378368.225304436,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -35.803101923778826,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 10.8212,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.5797,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.1098181384893935,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7551052781467338,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 37.12708376736606,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
      "supplier_count_latest": 27,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2311.9,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9064291019499494,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.0269921297036,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 320413,
      "corridor_rank": 67,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 66845.20888944453,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 104780.64026314624,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 96212.20797059561,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 109345.96389235067,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 104456.36321197727,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -25.137944250226884,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.089106508535112,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.3028486171640985,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 339734.679884882,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18417388.544780552,
      "historical_peak_year": 2003,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.148148148148145,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -23.835095633062785,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.1666,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7835,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.3629461838572566,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.49019591566024107,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 62.98626812727335,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
      "supplier_count_latest": 28,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4375.11,
      "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7216287061169931,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.838304787462,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 320413,
    "num_markets": 118,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ZMB",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1585600,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 420,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10877.583215018141,
    "price_spread_pct": 14572.906211477384,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 44.17777251184834,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 84747331
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 7061112.992023224,
      "active_destinations": 84,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 89.27663666867643
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 11087592.32964853,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 57.02329565004733
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 14577096.66632162,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.47215583803581
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 16439107.558826076,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.773537386264138
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 18940632.736722168,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.216915936248835
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 18848832.469117794,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.4846737111711728
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 18850777.2896223,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.01031798923191455
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 19047851.00953163,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0454408159488557
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 20438606.198887393,
      "active_destinations": 94,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.301375827959935
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 20361243.238669634,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.37851387450270646
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 19755889.913253404,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.9730666164164066
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 19385404.731975585,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8753150726420877
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 15815618.33128941,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.41481490865099
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 11431689.804590695,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.7189828109699
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 13357483.592668649,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.84609905444251
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}
```