{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/320412",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/320412",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/320412",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "320412",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 154,
    "current_lane_count": 106,
    "active_market_count": 106,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 47711236.72821797,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 47165351.70891864,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 49717544.54313952,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 49894649.10115994,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 53720098.850051686,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.773242534107959,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.7527801205875937,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.308012689636697,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 50750334.35169858,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 128648151.12357557,
    "historical_peak_year": 2010,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.4652298444712626,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 8152143.328864877,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.08642216780651,
    "destination_hhi": 609.8828249662811,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 15.286510089320851,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9429289982116491,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.649437143009992,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 73.64951281085658,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 22.727272727272727,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 320412,
      "hs_description": "Dyes: acid, whether or not premetallised and preparations based thereon, mordant dyes and preparations based thereon",
      "hs_chapter": 32,
      "hs_heading": 3204,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.23581,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Dyes: acid, whether or not premetallised and preparations based thereon, mordant dyes and preparations based thereon",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3204,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 320412,
        "corridor_rank": 17,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8152143.328864877,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9280941.174361845,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7946829.60417986,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7857125.34677743,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7848984.288245332,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.376540036396772,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.106634867510392,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.222887880344915,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15377022.943981001,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 61471597.34717037,
        "historical_peak_year": 2006,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.153652156051857,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.4833,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -1.1277,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 13.261642255405185,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.92339302192935,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 60.407377674613194,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 36,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3959.89,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.25111254299787283,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 64.15896264991629,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320412,
        "corridor_rank": 34,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4219502.299420175,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1083095.2913383867,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3884973.9600388072,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3251770.445056457,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2337214.724673476,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 19.526450495575887,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 20.042590178804254,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.923614133277386,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4521187.20638679,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11783360.422931097,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.6028363622985005,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.9769,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.6535,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 35.808989523979776,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.086166124645196,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.808989523979776,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1838.06,
        "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.075477500892285,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.86682668103246,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320412,
        "corridor_rank": 36,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3949968.8465709435,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2565650.02349692,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3798631.0090703666,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3655229.271754355,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4603132.784807643,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.4404451056789584,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.443508061682301,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.412308135697629,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6771507.924927893,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 42356701.23164759,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.852753241376586,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.1523,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.1497,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.325487423982045,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8448279921720552,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.43395901210072,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 27,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2294.81,
        "distance_km": 8389.7802734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.2883659997252525,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9265387266667434,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 63.307083977900014,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320412,
        "corridor_rank": 46,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3213198.7703143773,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3824546.9271307695,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3467053.001401056,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3551801.336967226,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3524534.8386745737,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.314025785309285,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.840161342730998,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.5210615904210569,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11544825.76267172,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38273383.0318346,
        "historical_peak_year": 1995,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.792964194888228,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.5306,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -0.0702,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.395387383555141,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5150734686864729,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 17.52233049246203,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 49,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 960.9,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.43494038230218346,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 84.87163192541514,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320412,
        "corridor_rank": 76,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BGD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1986352.1329999994,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1004670.4145521062,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1836880.282333333,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1993874.0841999997,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1931592.3171693175,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.635344586382246,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.499136614059479,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.6295518899347003,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2878859.5419999994,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13509915.289651379,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.005792696447546,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 10.6726,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.9513,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.702920709810435,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.351766837422751,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.345185173140127,
        "peer_top_exporter": "SGP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 18,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1533.39,
        "distance_km": 8661.470703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.6725363404761904,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9239035560978331,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 53.497396986215385,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 320412,
        "corridor_rank": 86,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1788332.427174853,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2395426.24149815,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2529901.930046517,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2719392.6706967223,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2731364.183273434,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -23.368303611158005,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.681386614085065,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.254802518612003,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3973954.887949856,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24274210.07798709,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -16.113501092546002,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -20.5481,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.7501,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.367211626781588,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.2420154689069633,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.58283530840771,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 33,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2439.62,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 0.31107922282849765,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 54.99867317071016,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 320412,
      "num_markets": 122,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 630000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 324.4358165493812,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10879.156705064117,
      "price_spread_pct": 5787.907842988825,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 54.06622417153995,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 260831658
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 66086874.58628947,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.65922671631837
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 63478783.01625133,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.9464592422702047
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 53913420.610934064,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.0685976491837
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 59891641.01282324,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.088557049701917
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 66026490.44536922,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.24324818756004
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 56192990.01861591,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.893265355198032
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 56475214.55469105,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.5022415357887892
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 62828802.51425405,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.250223677167506
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 60705293.69471392,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.379833348022772
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 51525442.21244222,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.121995008272338
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 42110110.542765945,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.273170040649717
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 58210501.33361519,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.23402642103754
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 54917105.36527278,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.6577351043024775
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 47070176.55522711,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.288678833039395
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 47165351.708918646,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.20219842086181541
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
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    "hs_description": "Dyes: acid, whether or not premetallised and preparations based thereon, mordant dyes and preparations based thereon",
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