{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/300449",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/300449",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/300449",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "300449",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 159,
    "current_lane_count": 73,
    "active_market_count": 73,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 390902633.97052765,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 386367156.4664374,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 235754202.2098991,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 199084919.91789353,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 120314657.99377604,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 33.793732774481235,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 55.01644125111791,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 22.040403787643847,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 82082939.55079715,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 519189762.70157355,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.753328986837388,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 168745004.09905943,
    "top_market_share_pct": 43.16803966887112,
    "destination_hhi": 2183.297964703424,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.437485195417933,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 8.234893568168753,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 2.698547701607062,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 93.89863385096943,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 17.61006289308176,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 300449,
      "hs_description": "Medicaments: containing alkaloids or their derivatives: other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN) or norephedrine or their salts: for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale",
      "hs_chapter": 30,
      "hs_heading": 3004,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Medicaments: containing alkaloids or their derivatives: other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN) or norephedrine or their salts: for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale",
    "hs_chapter": 30,
    "hs_heading": 3004,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 300449,
        "corridor_rank": 3,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 168745004.09905943,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8231411.874339355,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 57665699.593269765,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 35096326.13859612,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18006588.404312138,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 308.00609054069463,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 241.67124833593604,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 256.79977180556597,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 168745004.09905943,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1499057764.809602,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 59.09090909090909,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 51.20631873512866,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.2786,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.3456,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.256737936345774,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 11.088033652849708,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 36.84104611388572,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 45,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2129.82,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 4.161227807011832,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99881683868279,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 300449,
        "corridor_rank": 22,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 40608693.55670845,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9378901.182849873,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 38860292.28080537,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 40525619.419090405,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22009932.783147097,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.9836505765202785,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.525102799423784,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.768383799327534,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 46613675.494468115,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 217333453.92064402,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.784733222807255,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.1329,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.3439,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 18.68497133052332,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.106125835514817,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 19.487789083561104,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1144.7,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5041164717332995,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 76.40148495697294,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 300449,
        "corridor_rank": 24,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "AUT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 38028223.64535915,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3084103.6295360704,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 20739473.869696498,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14195328.171786558,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6806057.726020773,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 41.37605587070501,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 89.78997394886147,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 39.691577973368595,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 38028223.64535915,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 141792954.19040096,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.84615384615385,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.6844778973364143,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.2855,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.2717,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 26.819543934668634,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 23.978725028120575,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.89929094599404,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 26,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3180.59,
        "distance_km": 1811.998779296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.049626967501010096,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.049626967501010096,
        "volatility_cv": 2.3619746526879246,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 93.23438276450268,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 300449,
        "corridor_rank": 29,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 30063514.11311126,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8977196.631372677,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 27183733.939351257,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 26899787.46629606,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18616229.29867422,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.435762343281403,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 38.14271163642826,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.546744859972135,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 30063514.11311126,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 262268645.73677152,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.110982516690732,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 35.1915,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6002,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.462870076846626,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.678897523879259,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.838328589013976,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 48,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1434.34,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0259089916519089,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 87.30775655514017,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 300449,
        "corridor_rank": 37,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 19317065.089404806,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 15153988.545759883,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 29363863.523193855,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 29515854.84742132,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15685252.867826784,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -18.991781123547934,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 41.507138635006655,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 36.47216431796836,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 55530923.931566134,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 199065562.9654444,
        "historical_peak_year": 2003,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -55.46394544151629,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.7975,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.0895,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.703870826094638,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -5.067553209457667,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.051860826546694,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1253.54,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9634133887318961,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.17047383611984,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 300449,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11047354.195947811,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1041216.585147281,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4349267.922537711,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2845944.792261851,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1687402.0182248421,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 166.53718404952346,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 81.7811855271726,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.042538329483058,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11047354.195947811,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 41654444.42929209,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 148.4946457200404,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.5918,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.9519,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 26.521429699297904,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 23.656701803824106,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 41.085437735569364,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2550.93,
        "distance_km": 8389.7802734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.2883659997252525,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.87281209340352,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.64361946267816,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 300449,
        "corridor_rank": 90,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "AUS",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9399853.687259285,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2098662.7862498416,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10180429.625568667,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8517218.110598052,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4677306.608075094,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.8634339750870357,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 83.7268995167174,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 28.057266266580516,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10995494.161917813,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 84523612.11253887,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -27.19383229149348,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -17.7618,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.4535,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.120979631991897,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.2493768500899947,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.421791043245264,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 29,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1652.56,
        "distance_km": 17699.453125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07872936858989897,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.6159328653665503,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 72.35486665821924,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 300449,
      "num_markets": 113,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MUS",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2414000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 287.98540526452956,
      "median_price_across_markets": 80019.28374655648,
      "price_spread_pct": 3016.412921464829,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 14.042377717391307,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 543393538
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 50113928.30258403,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.897383776128639
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      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 47513917.18409635,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.188200579266131
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 44212070.01373012,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.949221125197834
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 50876322.42386222,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.07337794421863
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      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 52718596.859517895,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.621084126928964
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 35910648.026416786,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.88239034109759
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 39192869.46849441,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.139967175371316
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 46790123.05243397,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.384274963706574
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 42665362.94988077,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.815450427285489
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 43162976.85106656,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1663182187629293
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 126840255.71916687,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 193.86354920984243
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 161321737.24060345,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.184966890780295
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 157830402.64639577,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.1642059240910108
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 163065047.51686406,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.316626443763196
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 386367156.46643746,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 136.94051076548433
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
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    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}