{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/294140",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/294140",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/294140",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "294140",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 111,
    "current_lane_count": 34,
    "active_market_count": 34,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 3430077.53193442,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 2753013.74416331,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1996131.7112320282,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1846360.9389612998,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1856068.73806898,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 20.308423529209207,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.5632133433393145,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.1678770141390755,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3727110.3862775587,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 14138637.711386682,
    "historical_peak_year": 1998,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 17.14054651507013,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1207224.6463395036,
    "top_market_share_pct": 35.19525827332187,
    "destination_hhi": 1540.069570812297,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 21.58410624559927,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 12.015269762875448,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0062791258202854,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 94.58625457804884,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 33.333333333333336,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 97,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 294140,
      "hs_description": "Antibiotics: chloramphenicol and its derivatives: salts thereof",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2941,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.7268667,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Antibiotics: chloramphenicol and its derivatives: salts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2941,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 294140,
        "corridor_rank": 5,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 130071.21788853573,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 221249.81609394625,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 174945.50877021832,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 195777.996469115,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 198848.6006220581,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -28.06901708157673,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.79685146719943,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.166021926509943,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 724244.4285569737,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15592688.115690667,
        "historical_peak_year": 1995,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -31.235039008086673,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 31.1432,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 65.3455,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.8341808476092535,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.6148086090747532,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 98.18536807337051,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9641.27,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7310962536884731,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.24660592975272,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 294140,
      "num_markets": 56,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BGR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2419400,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 905.7142857142858,
      "median_price_across_markets": 179000,
      "price_spread_pct": 1351.1141260973664,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.7151493506493506,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 11237931
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1830116.589364893,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.87283399220565
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1423136.5887796222,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.237927515126533
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1742513.430592784,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.441756071146756
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1354152.3013056964,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.28741095871906
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2015410.1537983196,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 48.83186712861082
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1355718.8338948544,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.73236063935599
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1746564.2841044352,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.82938854561149
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2045895.4777056577,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.13828665371495
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2268696.8156536403,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.890162296943938
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1912007.2745247097,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.722221614974316
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1662451.7832767144,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.052015783257428
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1580957.7778337013,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.902037235773977
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1559666.8631464383,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3467098859804365
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1675714.526386336,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.440541693999041
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 2753013.74416331,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 64.28894664416146
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "294140",
    "hs_description": "Antibiotics: chloramphenicol and its derivatives: salts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2941
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 294140,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 130071.21788853573,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 221249.81609394625,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 174945.50877021832,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 195777.996469115,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 198848.6006220581,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -28.06901708157673,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.79685146719943,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.166021926509943,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 724244.4285569737,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15592688.115690667,
      "historical_peak_year": 1995,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -31.235039008086673,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 31.1432,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 65.3455,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.8341808476092535,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.6148086090747532,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 98.18536807337051,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 19,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9641.27,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7310962536884731,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 94.24660592975272,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 294140,
    "num_markets": 56,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BGR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2419400,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PRT",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 905.7142857142858,
    "median_price_across_markets": 179000,
    "price_spread_pct": 1351.1141260973664,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.7151493506493506,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 11237931
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1830116.589364893,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.87283399220565
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1423136.5887796222,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.237927515126533
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1742513.430592784,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.441756071146756
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1354152.3013056964,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.28741095871906
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2015410.1537983196,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 48.83186712861082
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1355718.8338948544,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.73236063935599
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1746564.2841044352,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.82938854561149
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2045895.4777056577,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.13828665371495
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2268696.8156536403,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.890162296943938
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1912007.2745247097,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.722221614974316
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1662451.7832767144,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.052015783257428
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1580957.7778337013,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.902037235773977
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1559666.8631464383,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3467098859804365
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1675714.526386336,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.440541693999041
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 2753013.74416331,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 64.28894664416146
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}