{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/293371",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/293371",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/293371",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "293371",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 58,
    "current_lane_count": 16,
    "active_market_count": 16,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 51789741.72357857,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 23413640.074072566,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 26029426.31033513,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 27429793.20097073,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 49127673.45174977,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.8545273098377493,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -15.062596080296764,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -15.339814278920372,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 108546561.53276275,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 303406655.12373865,
    "historical_peak_year": 2012,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.19434158875812,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 15754785.20092634,
    "top_market_share_pct": 30.420667639193073,
    "destination_hhi": 1677.8310735836362,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 18.775933858738725,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 10.1463901941026,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.6584160485556381,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 63.54642454357285,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 53.44827586206897,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 78,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 293371,
      "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: lactams: 6-hexanelactam (epsilon-caprolactam)",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2933,
      "substitution_elasticity": -19.025091,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: lactams: 6-hexanelactam (epsilon-caprolactam)",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2933,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 293371,
        "corridor_rank": 18,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 15754785.20092634,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 27834558.5940711,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17137434.843551513,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14893010.42239725,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22116085.93853911,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.875747769339707,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -9.859271938520608,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.018253986974067,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 75539552.49710748,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 164524253.41009003,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 21.894001756313774,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 25.4168,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.3914,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.575965168889882,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.3000816044431236,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.16729614084912,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2555.57,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6604660117892918,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 85.87643433933269,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 293371,
        "corridor_rank": 35,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2013,
        "lane_data_years": 15,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7208895.20028132,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9975530.01210559,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4862085.5031715315,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8189384.619925906,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15486695.077241335,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.308323765385357,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -12.499756707477772,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.8236031672246078,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 36319633.70504534,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 215842229.83004534,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 13.484720598160749,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.8056,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6649,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.6917133596592305,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5371203738235324,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 97.99588236607106,
        "peer_top_exporter": "RUS",
        "supplier_count_latest": 11,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9604.42,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0599020387420475,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.94483960225743,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 293371,
        "corridor_rank": 40,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "COL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 13,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5792167.296523881,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8500582.762019632,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7012019.861444802,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7683952.592691211,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9253715.798831522,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.885472783904167,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -12.55868201289606,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.306207342821269,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 13851633.346326299,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22539620.672372095,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.579265441082898,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.7086,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 234.9949,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.8519,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 25.69771417503765,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.10152698621232403,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 46.94640336049943,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 6,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3600.69,
        "distance_km": 8107.0009765625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09828807895515151,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07306520332545456,
        "volatility_cv": 0.437858772999236,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 66.60169926810629,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 293371,
        "corridor_rank": 61,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IDN",
        "latest_data_year": 2019,
        "lane_data_years": 5,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2551987.3937658533,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1555991.3358505245,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2474552.8104106556,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2474552.8104106556,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2474552.8104106556,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1976.0564700509995,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 517.0828795642475,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 148.41152943538017,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2949218.507813408,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25291616.03870573,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1827.6449406156194,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -46.6667,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7796,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.3863130892046645,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.9461144380510556,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 59.44360961558664,
        "peer_top_exporter": "THA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4968.7,
        "distance_km": 12188.310546875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.17946165427272728,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7564805454760466,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.91988845058833,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 293371,
      "num_markets": 29,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 73500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 22.59259259259259,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2029.9691471003505,
      "price_spread_pct": 3619.631732450911,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1842.7115072463769,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 225819702
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 122529388.2375911,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.0360205859419
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 111983427.25672552,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.606882914012754
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 137127758.07619065,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.453617857061083
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 113063983.44382803,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.548434372413755
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 123787493.50466663,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.484461571412972
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 79891524.7343634,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.4607460960088
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 68447625.24014132,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.32429726716653
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 80992599.21177053,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.327843994026807
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 71832842.88173556,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.309374460356617
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 52963176.44463328,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.26885652871764
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 36237160.8723386,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.580461549128852
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 22823526.201509673,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.01624064336711
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 31504923.907260105,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.037057153667156
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 23169714.94967272,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.456845228775776
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 23413640.074072566,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0527756812273172
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "293371",
    "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: lactams: 6-hexanelactam (epsilon-caprolactam)",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2933
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 293371,
      "corridor_rank": 18,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 15754785.20092634,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 27834558.5940711,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17137434.843551513,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14893010.42239725,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22116085.93853911,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.875747769339707,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -9.859271938520608,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.018253986974067,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 75539552.49710748,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 164524253.41009003,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 21.894001756313774,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 25.4168,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.3914,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.575965168889882,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.3000816044431236,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 45.16729614084912,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
      "supplier_count_latest": 15,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2555.57,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6604660117892918,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 85.87643433933269,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 293371,
      "corridor_rank": 35,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2013,
      "lane_data_years": 15,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7208895.20028132,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9975530.01210559,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4862085.5031715315,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8189384.619925906,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15486695.077241335,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.308323765385357,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -12.499756707477772,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.8236031672246078,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 36319633.70504534,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 215842229.83004534,
      "historical_peak_year": 2005,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 13.484720598160749,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.8056,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6649,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.6917133596592305,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5371203738235324,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 97.99588236607106,
      "peer_top_exporter": "RUS",
      "supplier_count_latest": 11,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9604.42,
      "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
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