{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/293331",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/293331",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/293331",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "293331",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 102,
    "current_lane_count": 37,
    "active_market_count": 37,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 548142.0956964169,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 470380.0441927242,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 617418.6559752765,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 627550.5876401055,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 525224.5259527535,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.0678801315808784,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.5490025706312,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.009514564382243,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1797531.9833602787,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 9765128.465058124,
    "historical_peak_year": 2010,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.077394695963122,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 147085.92405451543,
    "top_market_share_pct": 26.833539187980467,
    "destination_hhi": 1606.1476792081237,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 13.550290244498276,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -4.630691709012733,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0206634445371998,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.30221755082862,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 38.23529411764706,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 98.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 293331,
      "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, pyridine and its salts",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2933,
      "substitution_elasticity": -25.150478,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, pyridine and its salts",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2933,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 293331,
        "corridor_rank": 38,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 12,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 88614.4641410896,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 57750.279707438014,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 88197.77387648012,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 77643.50453665061,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 68651.4100470614,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 39.23655188076485,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.256719959733446,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 38.29085469711371,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 116315.37000318,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 67824071.01911135,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 27.272727272727273,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.9456971836511414,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 37.7312,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 23.4082,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.13065341376532816,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.07451072631080269,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 97.46712768914432,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9502.36,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7355633263396167,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.88512275828597,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 293331,
        "corridor_rank": 70,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2020,
        "lane_data_years": 13,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8505.175345147107,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7507.3897313478665,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6488.790873954406,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7859.852731882924,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5832.343757779912,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.13761255671123,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 41.752605218455116,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.393258075734721,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15270.052463830621,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14232949.438779393,
        "historical_peak_year": 2002,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.530870632445954,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 58.2325,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.5243,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.14629283267796586,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.09839566011307785,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 60.681449701077725,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3976.09,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5940768022808894,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.73077293990042,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 293331,
      "num_markets": 56,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "POL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5943325,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1063.568504695401,
      "median_price_across_markets": 38636.36363636364,
      "price_spread_pct": 15379.970763870198,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.8573108108108108,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 4334646
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 6460342.278761005,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 162.52943668866854
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 3705458.526087037,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.642999918609775
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 556162.5382739231,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -84.99072289276894
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 413511.47587090096,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.649167749727713
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 638495.0855067965,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 54.4080691260273
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 295276.4439516104,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.754312185936584
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 408040.6024521577,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.189351304646216
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 337920.16791754967,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.184670866872757
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 479583.15159461426,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 41.922026894715984
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 593671.9554110757,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.78916011480306
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 829870.0051574588,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.78595377355036
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 455626.965117239,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -45.09658593687951
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 666612.6341772121,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.30666865945559
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 715263.2895558934,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.298189815848581
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 470380.0441927242,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.23679768539737
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "293331",
    "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, pyridine and its salts",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2933
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 293331,
      "corridor_rank": 38,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 12,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 88614.4641410896,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 57750.279707438014,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 88197.77387648012,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 77643.50453665061,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 68651.4100470614,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 39.23655188076485,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.256719959733446,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 38.29085469711371,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 116315.37000318,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 67824071.01911135,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 27.272727272727273,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.9456971836511414,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 37.7312,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 23.4082,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.13065341376532816,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.07451072631080269,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 97.46712768914432,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
      "supplier_count_latest": 25,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9502.36,
      "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7355633263396167,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.88512275828597,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 293331,
      "corridor_rank": 70,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2020,
      "lane_data_years": 13,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8505.175345147107,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7507.3897313478665,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6488.790873954406,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7859.852731882924,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5832.343757779912,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.13761255671123,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 41.752605218455116,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.393258075734721,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15270.052463830621,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14232949.438779393,
      "historical_peak_year": 2002,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.530870632445954,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 58.2325,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.5243,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.14629283267796586,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.09839566011307785,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 60.681449701077725,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
      "supplier_count_latest": 20,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3976.09,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5940768022808894,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.73077293990042,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 293331,
    "num_markets": 56,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "POL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 5943325,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1063.568504695401,
    "median_price_across_markets": 38636.36363636364,
    "price_spread_pct": 15379.970763870198,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.8573108108108108,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 4334646
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 6460342.278761005,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 162.52943668866854
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 3705458.526087037,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.642999918609775
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 556162.5382739231,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -84.99072289276894
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 413511.47587090096,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.649167749727713
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 638495.0855067965,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 54.4080691260273
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 295276.4439516104,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.754312185936584
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 408040.6024521577,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.189351304646216
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 337920.16791754967,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.184670866872757
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 479583.15159461426,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 41.922026894715984
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 593671.9554110757,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.78916011480306
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 829870.0051574588,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.78595377355036
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 455626.965117239,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.09658593687951
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 666612.6341772121,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.30666865945559
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 715263.2895558934,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.298189815848581
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 470380.0441927242,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.23679768539737
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}