{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/293329",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/293329",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/293329",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "293329",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 122,
    "current_lane_count": 81,
    "active_market_count": 81,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 25174193.97968796,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 24735663.776483532,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23610328.361850124,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 25496061.313011818,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22153942.942439042,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.542042226602939,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.1864538518493006,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.0376499846487928,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 25269890.42611329,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 104585869.9213852,
    "historical_peak_year": 2006,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.579692211251732,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "IRL",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4452535.002701173,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.68690193733211,
    "destination_hhi": 873.9486175654183,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.850896416892645,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.3056178859327368,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.078009485723225,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 91.23490188133702,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 27.049180327868854,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 293329,
      "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: containing an unfused imidazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, other than hydantoin and its derivatives",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2933,
      "substitution_elasticity": -25.150478,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: containing an unfused imidazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, other than hydantoin and its derivatives",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2933,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 293329,
        "corridor_rank": 83,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IRL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4452535.002701173,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1149650.6031746631,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4580339.63494169,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4953666.617089895,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3348483.3288993407,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.123329172169388,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.527393110106354,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 128.13410963385752,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7821867.432122897,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12525864.731474603,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -145.2574388060269,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.2619,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 20.8047,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 35.546727496689165,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -9.464170183012897,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.546727496689165,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 23,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2170.96,
        "distance_km": 1450.23583984375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.7076489984284449,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8326785682388,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 293329,
        "corridor_rank": 91,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3943036.8639209466,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3093962.295436911,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3596968.754243503,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4093726.16475319,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3465300.03929145,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.348357798751351,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.8977687521250175,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.973741242656347,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5765451.203194673,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 112111815.81590673,
        "historical_peak_year": 1998,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.322099041407698,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.1345,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9852,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.5170573549496438,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.40962679913967204,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.576447092865884,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 37,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1274.71,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.4448469815608704,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 77.43071085658539,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 293329,
      "num_markets": 90,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 52137136.36363637,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 211.921382933474,
      "median_price_across_markets": 99200,
      "price_spread_pct": 52557.38351033613,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 10.95683480825959,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 108310760
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 26589299.848052792,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.008869645099503
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 24615825.880732954,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.422060673268768
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 18138676.585248854,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.312947316359704
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 31344598.355040062,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 72.80532131286152
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 20217110.756042663,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.50049508676557
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 18538287.267718814,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.303973345063994
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 15041473.032976035,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.86266074229991
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 17506154.867963314,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.385907348195595
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 19654112.840813838,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.26973021232286
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 23319094.84985935,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.647404941294475
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 26347083.189910144,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.985016612122308
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 30302238.28959858,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.011738002190315
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 22092091.93066836,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.094191130258515
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 24003229.37839847,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.650776276542004
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 24735663.776483543,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.0513994035495142
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "293329",
    "hs_description": "Heterocyclic compounds: containing an unfused imidazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, other than hydantoin and its derivatives",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2933
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 293329,
      "corridor_rank": 83,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4452535.002701173,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1149650.6031746631,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4580339.63494169,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4953666.617089895,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3348483.3288993407,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.123329172169388,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.527393110106354,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 128.13410963385752,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7821867.432122897,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12525864.731474603,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -145.2574388060269,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.2619,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 20.8047,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 35.546727496689165,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -9.464170183012897,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.546727496689165,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 23,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2170.96,
      "distance_km": 1450.23583984375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.7076489984284449,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8326785682388,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 293329,
      "corridor_rank": 91,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3943036.8639209466,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3093962.295436911,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3596968.754243503,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4093726.16475319,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3465300.03929145,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.348357798751351,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.8977687521250175,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.973741242656347,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5765451.203194673,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 112111815.81590673,
      "historical_peak_year": 1998,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.322099041407698,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.1345,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9852,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.5170573549496438,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.40962679913967204,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 24.576447092865884,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 37,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1274.71,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.4448469815608704,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 77.43071085658539,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 293329,
    "num_markets": 90,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 52137136.36363637,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 211.921382933474,
    "median_price_across_markets": 99200,
    "price_spread_pct": 52557.38351033613,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 10.95683480825959,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 108310760
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 26589299.848052792,
      "active_destinations": 69,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.008869645099503
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 24615825.880732954,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.422060673268768
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 18138676.585248854,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.312947316359704
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 31344598.355040062,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 72.80532131286152
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 20217110.756042663,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.50049508676557
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 18538287.267718814,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.303973345063994
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 15041473.032976035,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.86266074229991
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 17506154.867963314,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.385907348195595
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 19654112.840813838,
      "active_destinations": 69,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.26973021232286
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 23319094.84985935,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.647404941294475
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 26347083.189910144,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.985016612122308
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 30302238.28959858,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.011738002190315
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 22092091.93066836,
      "active_destinations": 69,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.094191130258515
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 24003229.37839847,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.650776276542004
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 24735663.776483543,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.0513994035495142
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}