{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/292310",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/292310",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/292310",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "292310",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 106,
    "current_lane_count": 62,
    "active_market_count": 62,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 11086226.66707581,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 10642641.292478787,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10650420.058984948,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10277987.721521977,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10543100.84780342,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.4759828111781328,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.24891445507477794,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.5817030964281211,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 9913614.987930164,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 29752732.841281362,
    "historical_peak_year": 2010,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.057685907606254,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1676339.7082891653,
    "top_market_share_pct": 15.12092219138552,
    "destination_hhi": 622.8786286350651,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.040267237943882,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.12481021190283,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.793181342553207,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 88.25595340303325,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 26.41509433962264,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 292310,
      "hs_description": "Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides: choline and its salts, whether or not chemically defined",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2923,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.9386292,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides: choline and its salts, whether or not chemically defined",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2923,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 292310,
        "corridor_rank": 16,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1676339.7082891653,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1465800.1175959187,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1744007.2173184922,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1752272.6607518315,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1850237.0141239546,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.2460474123974663,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.28479178135286665,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.03071195127746229,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2080793.423224944,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16131099.889223274,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.2767593636749286,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -34.1745,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.1341,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.391974011698233,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.9009716998543702,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 49.85152251706178,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3233.13,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.31598543037051774,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 79.05979099360744,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 292310,
        "corridor_rank": 23,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1011589.0960550575,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 620694.7541178219,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 867864.9476562062,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 815662.9549764515,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 806909.7212921964,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.804268406968486,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.773726979239509,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.41077136442650986,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1499585.3263431152,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16104914.07540258,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.393497042541977,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -10.2933,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.2185,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.281244912694578,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.5226959931233548,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 58.333181483842,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4259.01,
        "distance_km": 8389.7802734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.2883659997252525,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5466998962875147,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.25569443860465,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 292310,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ARG",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 624095.5362177088,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 183000.44724936053,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 633122.6353119446,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 548425.2817485029,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 415581.6711809277,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.91330186597979,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.1197230053002585,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.110314110201916,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 844608.911742758,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21163691.14294605,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.802987755777874,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.093,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 15.6989,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.9488973922477726,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.0379682218669124,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 61.620303954513055,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 9,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4667.67,
        "distance_km": 10065.849609375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.13766198483434344,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1182143577217827,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.44850634913726,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 292310,
        "corridor_rank": 33,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "THA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 466794.4096245672,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 374581.9938388127,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 451211.3365004226,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 391348.46702029416,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 579985.5999132555,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 16.165178407025603,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.2104490020798755,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.289794413861037,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 924448.5410559147,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11671964.104542123,
        "historical_peak_year": 2015,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.55555555555556,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 20.45497282088664,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.4034,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.663,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.9992790026051828,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.2950857244931968,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.59668807055528,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 11,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4394.37,
        "distance_km": 10193.6904296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.3057545667454546,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6995699862100404,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 76.74919303207743,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 292310,
        "corridor_rank": 37,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 349420.3255575692,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 249516.21554949984,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 285361.61573619855,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 295604.9403085188,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 249827.8284749395,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.655464303273559,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 62.35160561364863,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.356191439457802,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 739964.5154542802,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21586745.61028619,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.01165574273136,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.1425,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.5077,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.61867996161065,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4252572188931212,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.48435909059331,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 21,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3251.68,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6612362904749651,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8424529837799,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 292310,
        "corridor_rank": 38,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "KOR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 343824.14879159874,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 126492.44844256555,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 387862.40936225903,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 344638.45548525854,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 293548.41474186146,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.4721279572560855,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.860475352749847,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.504409911403222,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 444675.0257351532,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 65664285.35378108,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.032281954147138,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.6693,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.5313,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5236090622766529,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.08810584916128528,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 48.11156334605885,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 13,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4540.18,
        "distance_km": 10012.6416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1369564428626263,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11067370517943842,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0226272348664787,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.75335809491249,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 292310,
        "corridor_rank": 61,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "VNM",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 73263.82277328192,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 130006.13591303428,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 66065.64127154242,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 96617.40582104522,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 171048.61925745415,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.684518679176737,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.79555799705228,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.764880720403156,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 362979.9404960439,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10507993.60394261,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 54.54545454545455,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.9196379587735812,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 23.1682,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 29.6253,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.6972199026253048,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.19429072656772772,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 75.33908209089158,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5824.03,
        "distance_km": 10053.2158203125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1590585759782609,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7168377370939606,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.89718174564423,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 292310,
      "num_markets": 80,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DOM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 6880500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SYC",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 202.12765957446808,
      "median_price_across_markets": 8881.003430531733,
      "price_spread_pct": 77472.07763355724,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 54.84445744680852,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 67657419
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 12101756.663999235,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.216886570964968
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 11316841.048470266,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.485964288671957
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 9646324.247879203,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.761334841023254
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 10226706.339501731,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.016613963086797
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 11282003.581442464,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.319033390687443
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 10225963.773602469,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.360392418036929
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 9637992.755283367,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.7497858523311365
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 11733378.71905178,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.740895816919576
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 11932565.3075023,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.6976064032357119
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 10511169.314984398,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.91190624889549
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 8946573.247497778,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.885081008600821
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 10492105.183157263,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.275127503055394
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 10151417.929359185,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.247081952104104
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 11157200.955116872,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.907808276209725
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 10642641.292478789,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.611906379638145
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
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    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}