{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/291812",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/291812",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/291812",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "291812",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 123,
    "current_lane_count": 71,
    "active_market_count": 71,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 22458329.298794243,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 21865610.608020734,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 21473467.949509103,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 17785037.552841835,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18082764.391023684,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 23.317862633106245,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.552929514136771,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.469136344024794,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 17691096.38487854,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 52998405.424297705,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 17.84872628908145,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 9074506.89565615,
    "top_market_share_pct": 40.40597488319555,
    "destination_hhi": 1987.3913200452967,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 30.255757115462465,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.6964112054864133,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7087433522057552,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.46334194332327,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 26.016260162601625,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 291812,
      "hs_description": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), tartaric acid",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2918,
      "substitution_elasticity": -11.463535,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), tartaric acid",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2918,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 291812,
        "corridor_rank": 6,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9074506.89565615,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4085461.2339521223,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9065659.780060662,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7391875.018539129,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6847924.548248716,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 22.19942852049126,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.8966132296228935,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.912537061112133,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11097023.300718125,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 37647004.85685204,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.2868914593791274,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.8573,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6651,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 24.10419349470379,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.235333377168438,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 54.005877497738894,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3707.69,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.715854778565294,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.99694116985415,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 291812,
        "corridor_rank": 16,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1661068.8549145975,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1426787.9989061307,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1314406.1590446753,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 891023.7357113466,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1225055.7844950675,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 102.89436726290133,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.614561653538177,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.1230154754410906,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3439967.1509573134,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13428136.949127933,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 102.77135178746023,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.6179,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.2317,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 12.370061917058962,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.585109562417925,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 74.36426627226821,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 17,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5732.63,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5236390162172155,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.21872845182138,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 291812,
        "corridor_rank": 20,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 784266.1191509877,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 194128.73589625093,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 324853.44056798087,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 215357.26464849786,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 133058.98192003902,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 117.38140617312322,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 74.5301957213563,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 39.45819351447282,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1937877.2008551054,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21782106.126575373,
        "historical_peak_year": 1995,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.03703703703704,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 77.92321265865041,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.3153,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.4542,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.6005063724950803,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.3027588595200332,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 77.31073118692935,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6162.43,
        "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.9713445851776061,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.91240054536766,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 291812,
        "corridor_rank": 45,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "RUS",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 116833.64,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 52021.39946360137,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 267026.80566666665,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 197009.72940203332,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 125357.59488997857,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -13.930808463030974,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.27484120747371,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 59.48086408649773,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 573279.756,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14517639.831573946,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -73.4116725495287,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.2086,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 30.208,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.80477020614537,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.135840456666254,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 96.16104381952061,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9253.49,
        "distance_km": 3449.299560546875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.11425769714942528,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 2.197846657886726,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.7818565695178,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 291812,
        "corridor_rank": 69,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 38281.19975457249,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1095885.49074311,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 170483.8115015014,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 177672.7412970821,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 404037.9338453876,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -40.26482000704963,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -42.52357206098303,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -27.992024194770902,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4812701.228929157,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17935216.38979259,
        "historical_peak_year": 2000,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.272795812278726,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.4206,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.1676,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.21344152711956876,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.1870683360175422,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 50.565445190880546,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 23,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4308.4,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9152346472953198,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.20457975815195,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 291812,
        "corridor_rank": 91,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "TUR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16892.449370491937,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 62722.250114055285,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 107164.38487576957,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 75110.42407846192,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 59991.894544677845,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.463411724649834,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -22.895664623562396,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.921621208116612,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 613555.6103610871,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11520684.532316491,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.385032932766446,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.6715,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.6156,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.14662713246862366,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8398325677150986,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 75.71679806585905,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 13,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6154.73,
        "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
        "volatility_cv": 1.95032929471607,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8994018621249,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 291812,
      "num_markets": 92,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IRN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 308000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CPV",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 445.85987261146494,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5379.319727891157,
      "price_spread_pct": 5717.342632243173,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 72.47686581469648,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 101523037
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 9969594.655616205,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.216851421987213
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 13008521.9331032,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.481954206383566
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 18909314.556828663,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.360976858635475
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 23892280.587154675,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.35191252094608
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 12838305.696998686,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.26588428774352
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 15344584.218571339,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.52187913829288
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 12121466.942228466,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.004917633688493
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 19984419.97900762,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 64.8679988507529
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 26088730.146939076,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.545345696015453
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 18363254.859281145,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.612308625777793
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 12845184.140457008,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.049524232547466
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 11659599.77522486,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.229796570202895
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 19488357.01132403,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 67.14430501065965
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 23066436.22918254,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.360086567479293
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 21865610.60802073,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.205943428931533
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
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