{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/291711",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/291711",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/291711",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "291711",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 134,
    "current_lane_count": 72,
    "active_market_count": 72,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 11786926.319061348,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 10561463.445388928,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11175177.594348662,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9836902.588216646,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9764643.283876652,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.028506168294225,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.4342465437102603,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9941197510061395,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 8580820.820403669,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 27741827.413940016,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.0343864172880854,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3973451.840997821,
    "top_market_share_pct": 33.71067005460205,
    "destination_hhi": 1446.6767183493716,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 34.80497133113922,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 5.966978952178566,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1834056310175565,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 89.12990453158075,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 26.119402985074625,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 291711,
      "hs_description": "Acids: acyclic polycarboxylic acids: oxalic acid, its salts and esters",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2917,
      "substitution_elasticity": -17.858303,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Acids: acyclic polycarboxylic acids: oxalic acid, its salts and esters",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2917,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 291711,
        "corridor_rank": 4,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3973451.840997821,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 592297.5917265699,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2665781.5496602776,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1913324.0018047604,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1247173.9693812607,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 61.32080511052385,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 35.33778729162689,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.82052301499364,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3973451.840997821,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11058395.781277044,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 42.50028209553021,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.1196,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1428,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 35.931539434727654,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 14.448823656727736,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.93153943472766,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 23,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2266.05,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.483921288716624,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.87598625356023,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 291711,
        "corridor_rank": 39,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 23839.35980772847,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 79566.22852013592,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 61600.378010517714,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 71025.31653070221,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 47292.53161358686,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -36.024702910904885,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.946162314688147,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.411464946407816,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 195146.3316774078,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10585721.830127839,
        "historical_peak_year": 2003,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -32.61323796449707,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -52.4841,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9504,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.22520296858622976,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.20905583931378277,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.82111499169677,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 18,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2093.06,
        "distance_km": 1153.11669921875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.012764303815058584,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.020929647224547474,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6629258040379741,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.0698190383439,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 291711,
      "num_markets": 103,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1025652.380952381,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PHL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 224.18803418803418,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1953.6405566286908,
      "price_spread_pct": 52488.0684647399,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 144.94995575221233,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 68741280
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 3894331.41346544,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.2717804041807454
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 5191392.742357995,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.30639309247547
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 6435049.88495808,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.956136711690977
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 10098392.054723792,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 56.92795293364809
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 9566723.394394903,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.264884324630544
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 10686962.17342069,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.709743585584695
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 10861485.587428177,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.6330497963353903
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 7031763.76442343,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.259650184846976
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 8529146.702775434,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.294556935030677
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 11352561.66963556,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.10313522853782
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 7281585.253476793,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.859540204457254
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 8377394.904560457,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.04905337145424
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 13328010.916328091,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 59.09493426259081
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 9636058.421328966,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.70070131377316
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 10561463.445388928,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.603563859799994
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "291711",
    "hs_description": "Acids: acyclic polycarboxylic acids: oxalic acid, its salts and esters",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2917
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 291711,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3973451.840997821,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 592297.5917265699,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2665781.5496602776,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1913324.0018047604,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1247173.9693812607,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 61.32080511052385,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 35.33778729162689,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.82052301499364,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3973451.840997821,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11058395.781277044,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 42.50028209553021,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.1196,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1428,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 35.931539434727654,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 14.448823656727736,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.93153943472766,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 23,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2266.05,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.483921288716624,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.87598625356023,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 291711,
      "corridor_rank": 39,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 23839.35980772847,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 79566.22852013592,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 61600.378010517714,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 71025.31653070221,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 47292.53161358686,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -36.024702910904885,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.946162314688147,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.411464946407816,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 195146.3316774078,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10585721.830127839,
      "historical_peak_year": 2003,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -32.61323796449707,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -52.4841,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9504,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.22520296858622976,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.20905583931378277,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.82111499169677,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 18,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2093.06,
      "distance_km": 1153.11669921875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.012764303815058584,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.020929647224547474,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6629258040379741,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.0698190383439,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 291711,
    "num_markets": 103,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1025652.380952381,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PHL",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 224.18803418803418,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1953.6405566286908,
    "price_spread_pct": 52488.0684647399,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 144.94995575221233,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 68741280
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 3894331.41346544,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.2717804041807454
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 5191392.742357995,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.30639309247547
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 6435049.88495808,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.956136711690977
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 10098392.054723792,
      "active_destinations": 79,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 56.92795293364809
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 9566723.394394903,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.264884324630544
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 10686962.17342069,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.709743585584695
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 10861485.587428177,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.6330497963353903
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 7031763.76442343,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.259650184846976
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 8529146.702775434,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.294556935030677
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 11352561.66963556,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.10313522853782
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 7281585.253476793,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.859540204457254
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 8377394.904560457,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.04905337145424
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 13328010.916328091,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.09493426259081
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 9636058.421328966,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.70070131377316
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 10561463.445388928,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.603563859799994
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}